Tokenización de pagarés: viabilidad jurídica en el sistema financiero
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente artículo analiza la posibilidad jurídica y técnica de tokenizar el pagaré
en el marco normativo peruano, mediante el uso de tecnología blockchain. El
problema central consiste en determinar si esta tecnología puede ser empleada
como un soporte válido para representar títulos valores, sin transgredir los
principios esenciales que rigen estos instrumentos en el derecho vigente.
Se parte del análisis de la Ley N° 27287, Ley de Títulos Valores, que regula el
pagaré como título con mérito ejecutivo. Este título valor tiene como elementos
esenciales: incorporación, literalidad, autonomía, legitimación y buena fe.
Asimismo, se examinan las disposiciones sobre desmaterialización y el uso de
firmas electrónicas. En ese sentido, se evidencia que el régimen actual exige la
inscripción en una infraestructura centralizada (CAVALI) para otorgar validez a
los títulos digitales, sin prever expresamente el uso de tecnología de registro
distribuido (DLT), como la blockchain.
Además, se explora derecho comparado (España, Suiza, Argentina y la Unión
Europea), los cuales sí reconocen normativamente la representación de valores
mediante blockchain. Con base en ello, se propone un modelo de emisión y
circulación de pagarés tokenizados mediante contratos inteligentes, oráculos
institucionales y redes blockchain privadas o de consorcio.
Se concluye que la tokenización del pagaré es jurídicamente viable, solamente
si se garantice la equivalencia funcional del soporte tecnológico y se reconozca
normativamente la blockchain como infraestructura válida para la representación
de títulos valores.
This article analyzes the legal and technical feasibility of tokenizing promissory notes within the Peruvian regulatory framework through the use of blockchain technology. The central issue is whether this technology can be used as a valid medium for representing securities without violating the essential principles governing these instruments under current law. The analysis begins with Law No. 27287, the Securities Law, which regulates promissory notes as enforceable securities. The essential elements of this security are: incorporation, literality, autonomy, legitimacy, and good faith. The provisions on dematerialization and the use of electronic signatures are also examined. In this regard, it is evident that the current regime requires registration in a centralized infrastructure (CAVALI) to validate digital securities, without expressly providing for the use of distributed ledger technology (DLT), such as blockchain. In addition, comparative law (Spain, Switzerland, Argentina, and the European Union) is explored, which does recognize the representation of securities through blockchain. Based on this, a model is proposed for the issuance and circulation of tokenized promissory notes through smart contracts, institutional oracles, and private or consortium blockchain networks. It is concluded that the tokenization of promissory notes is legally viable only if the functional equivalence of the technological support is guaranteed and blockchain is recognized by law as a valid infrastructure for the representation of securities.
This article analyzes the legal and technical feasibility of tokenizing promissory notes within the Peruvian regulatory framework through the use of blockchain technology. The central issue is whether this technology can be used as a valid medium for representing securities without violating the essential principles governing these instruments under current law. The analysis begins with Law No. 27287, the Securities Law, which regulates promissory notes as enforceable securities. The essential elements of this security are: incorporation, literality, autonomy, legitimacy, and good faith. The provisions on dematerialization and the use of electronic signatures are also examined. In this regard, it is evident that the current regime requires registration in a centralized infrastructure (CAVALI) to validate digital securities, without expressly providing for the use of distributed ledger technology (DLT), such as blockchain. In addition, comparative law (Spain, Switzerland, Argentina, and the European Union) is explored, which does recognize the representation of securities through blockchain. Based on this, a model is proposed for the issuance and circulation of tokenized promissory notes through smart contracts, institutional oracles, and private or consortium blockchain networks. It is concluded that the tokenization of promissory notes is legally viable only if the functional equivalence of the technological support is guaranteed and blockchain is recognized by law as a valid infrastructure for the representation of securities.
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Títulos valores--Legislación--Perú, Derecho comercial, Pagarés, Documentos comerciales
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item.page.review
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