Dependencia emocional y apego adulto en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2021-01-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las relaciones de pareja representan un ámbito fundamental en el desarrollo social y emocional;
por ello resulta relevante identificar los factores de riesgo a la base de patrones desadaptativos
que pueden devenir en relaciones poco saludables o incluso violentas. La presente investigación
propone analizar la relación entre la dependencia emocional y el apego adulto en las relaciones
románticas. Participaron 388 estudiantes universitarios Lima Metropolitana entre 18 y 25 años
(M=21.46, DE=2.06). La dependencia emocional se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de
Dependencia Emocional (Lemos y Londoño, 2006); para el apego, se utilizaron dos
instrumentos: El Relationship Questionnaire (Schmitt et. al, 2004) proporcionó los modelos de
sí mismo y de los otros, mientras que se obtuvieron las dimensiones de ansiedad y evitación del
Experience in Close Relationships - Revised (Noblega et. al, 2018). Se analizó el objetivo en
tres aproximaciones que permitieron comparar la dependencia emocional entre los estilos de
apego seguro e inseguro, luego de manera específica entre cada estilo y finalmente la relación
con las dimensiones y modelos del apego. Asimismo, se revisó la dependencia y el apego según
las variables sociodemográficas de sexo, edad y situación sentimental. Se encontró una relación
entre dependencia emocional y apego, en función a los modelos y las dimensiones. Se
encontraron diferencias según el sexo y entre las personas con y sin pareja actual, siendo los
hombres más evitativos, pero más dependientes emocionalmente, al igual que las personas sin
pareja; también correlaciones significativas negativas de la dependencia y dimensiones de
apego con la edad.
Relationships represent a fundamental area in social and emotional development; therefore, it is relevant to identify risk factors of maladaptive patterns that can become unhealthy or even violent relationships. This research aims to describe the relationship between emotional dependence and adult attachment in romantic relationships. 388 Metropolitan Lima university students between 18 and 25 years old (M = 21.46, SD = 2.06) participated in this study. Emotional dependence was assessed through the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (Lemos and Londoño, 2006); for attachment, two instruments were used: The Relationship Questionnaire (Schmitt et. al, 2004) provided the models of self and others, while the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance were obtained from the Experience in Close Relationships - Revised (Noblega) were obtained. et. al, 2018). The objective was analyzed in three approaches that allowed comparing emotional dependence between secure and insecure attachment styles, then specifically between each style and finally the relationship with attachment dimensions and models. Likewise, dependence and attachment were reviewed according to the sociodemographic variables of sex, age and sentimental situation. A relationship was found between emotional dependence and attachment, depending on the models and dimensions. Differences were found according to sex and between people with and without current partners, men being more avoidant but more emotionally dependent, as well as people without partners; also, significant negative correlations of dependence and attachment dimensions with age.
Relationships represent a fundamental area in social and emotional development; therefore, it is relevant to identify risk factors of maladaptive patterns that can become unhealthy or even violent relationships. This research aims to describe the relationship between emotional dependence and adult attachment in romantic relationships. 388 Metropolitan Lima university students between 18 and 25 years old (M = 21.46, SD = 2.06) participated in this study. Emotional dependence was assessed through the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (Lemos and Londoño, 2006); for attachment, two instruments were used: The Relationship Questionnaire (Schmitt et. al, 2004) provided the models of self and others, while the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance were obtained from the Experience in Close Relationships - Revised (Noblega) were obtained. et. al, 2018). The objective was analyzed in three approaches that allowed comparing emotional dependence between secure and insecure attachment styles, then specifically between each style and finally the relationship with attachment dimensions and models. Likewise, dependence and attachment were reviewed according to the sociodemographic variables of sex, age and sentimental situation. A relationship was found between emotional dependence and attachment, depending on the models and dimensions. Differences were found according to sex and between people with and without current partners, men being more avoidant but more emotionally dependent, as well as people without partners; also, significant negative correlations of dependence and attachment dimensions with age.
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Keywords
Dependencia (Psicología), Apego, Estudiantes universitarios--Perú--Lima--Investigaciones
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