Análisis de las deficiencias estructurales y procedimentales en el proceso de revocatoria de autoridades en el Perú: Impacto sobre la participación ciudadana y la rendición de cuentas
Date
2025-03-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El uso de mecanismos de democracia directa en sistemas representativos, como
el peruano, ha generado controversia, ya que estos mecanismos suelen
contradecir el modelo político representativo tradicional. No obstante, en un
contexto de crisis del sistema representativo, mecanismos como la revocatoria
de autoridades cobran relevancia, pues permiten garantizar la vigencia de la
voluntad popular, dado que el poder delegado proviene de los ciudadanos. Sin
embargo, el modelo de democracia con mecanismos mixtos de participación
(directa y representativa) ha sufrido modificaciones legislativas que han limitado
la participación, lo que ha generado dudas sobre la efectividad y transparencia
de estos procesos.
Este contexto plantea la necesidad de cuestionar la idoneidad del marco
normativo que regula el proceso de revocatoria de autoridades. La investigación
tiene como objetivo analizar si la normativa vigente favorece el ejercicio efectivo
de la participación política. Se estructura en tres partes: primero, se examinará
la legislación constitucional y legal sobre el procedimiento de verificación de
firmas, evaluando su idoneidad en relación con el fortalecimiento democrático.
En segundo lugar, se analizarán las deficiencias estructurales y procedimentales
de la normativa, tales como las barreras de acceso y la falta de transparencia.
Finalmente, se investigará el caso de las revocatorias en la Municipalidad de
Lima Metropolitana, destacando los conflictos surgidos y la falta de activismo por
parte de los órganos electorales para implementar reformas necesarias.
The use of direct democracy mechanisms in representative systems, such as the Peruvian one, has generated controversy, since these mechanisms usually contradict the traditional representative political model. However, in a context of crisis of the representative system, mechanisms such as the recall of authorities become relevant, since they allow the validity of the popular will to be guaranteed, given that the delegated power comes from the citizens. However, the democracy model with mixed participation mechanisms (direct and representative) has suffered legislative modifications that have limited participation, which has raised doubts about the effectiveness and transparency of these processes. This context raises the need to question the suitability of the regulatory framework that regulates the process of revoking authorities. The objective of the research is to analyze whether current regulations favor the effective exercise of political participation. It is structured in three parts: first, the constitutional and legal legislation on the signature verification procedure will be examined, evaluating its suitability in relation to democratic strengthening. Secondly, the structural and procedural deficiencies of the regulations will be analyzed, such as access barriers and lack of transparency. Finally, the case of the revocations in the Municipality of Metropolitan Lima will be investigated, highlighting the conflicts that arose and the lack of activism on the part of the electoral bodies to implement necessary reforms.
The use of direct democracy mechanisms in representative systems, such as the Peruvian one, has generated controversy, since these mechanisms usually contradict the traditional representative political model. However, in a context of crisis of the representative system, mechanisms such as the recall of authorities become relevant, since they allow the validity of the popular will to be guaranteed, given that the delegated power comes from the citizens. However, the democracy model with mixed participation mechanisms (direct and representative) has suffered legislative modifications that have limited participation, which has raised doubts about the effectiveness and transparency of these processes. This context raises the need to question the suitability of the regulatory framework that regulates the process of revoking authorities. The objective of the research is to analyze whether current regulations favor the effective exercise of political participation. It is structured in three parts: first, the constitutional and legal legislation on the signature verification procedure will be examined, evaluating its suitability in relation to democratic strengthening. Secondly, the structural and procedural deficiencies of the regulations will be analyzed, such as access barriers and lack of transparency. Finally, the case of the revocations in the Municipality of Metropolitan Lima will be investigated, highlighting the conflicts that arose and the lack of activism on the part of the electoral bodies to implement necessary reforms.
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Revocación (Derecho)--Legislación--Perú, Democracia directa--Legislación--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú
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