Estudio de caso de una niña de 4 años 2 meses con dificultades en el proceso comprensivo y expresivo de lenguaje
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Date
2022-06-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El lenguaje es la capacidad propia del ser humano, para comprender y expresar el mensaje que desea
transmitir. Sin embargo, hay niños que presentan dificultades en el lenguaje comprensivo y expresivo que
afecta la interacción con su entorno, por lo consiguiente es necesario intervenir, para que este no sea un
obstáculo en su aprendizaje. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un plan de valoración e
intervención que presenta una niña de 4 años 2 meses con dificultades en el proceso comprensivo y expresivo
del lenguaje. El proceso comprensivo es la capacidad para entender lo que se dice y el expresivo para
manifestar el pensamiento en forma oral. Se aplica el modelo híbrido, donde se utilizó estímulos lingüísticos
no solo para responder al niño sino para modelar las formas lingüísticas que desea resaltar, el adulto mantiene
el control de las actividades de manera lúdica. Los resultados reflejan un incremento del vocabulario
comprensivo y expresivo de las categorías semánticas planeadas, en la comprensión de preguntas cerradas y
abiertas, en el seguimiento de instrucciones simples de una acción + 3 elementos y en las oraciones simples
del tipo sujeto – verbo – objeto, asimismo la concordancia de género y la identificación del fon /n/. Se concluye
que el plan de intervención diseñado a las necesidades de la niña, evidencia avances en los componentes
léxico semántico, morfosintáctico y fonético fonológico, por lo tanto, favorece su medio familiar, social y escolar.
Language is the ability of the human being to understand and express the message that he wants to convey. However, there are children who have difficulties in understanding and expressive language that affects interaction with their environment, therefore it is necessary to intervene and not be an obstacle in their learning. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan for a 4-year-2-month-old girl with difficulties in the comprehension and expressive language process. The comprehensive process is the ability to understand what is said and the expressive process to express the thought orally. The hybrid model is applied, where linguistic stimuli were used not only to respond to the child but also to model the linguistic forms that he wishes to highlight, the adult maintains control of the activities in a playful way. The results reflect an increase in the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary of the planned semantic categories, in the comprehension of closed and open questions, in the following of simple instructions of an action + 3 elements and in simple sentences of the subject - verb - object type, likewise, the gender agreement and the identification of the phon /n/. It is concluded that the intervention plan designed for the needs of the girl shows progress in the lexical semantic, morphosyntactic and phonetic phonological components, therefore, it favors her family, social and school environment.
Language is the ability of the human being to understand and express the message that he wants to convey. However, there are children who have difficulties in understanding and expressive language that affects interaction with their environment, therefore it is necessary to intervene and not be an obstacle in their learning. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan for a 4-year-2-month-old girl with difficulties in the comprehension and expressive language process. The comprehensive process is the ability to understand what is said and the expressive process to express the thought orally. The hybrid model is applied, where linguistic stimuli were used not only to respond to the child but also to model the linguistic forms that he wishes to highlight, the adult maintains control of the activities in a playful way. The results reflect an increase in the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary of the planned semantic categories, in the comprehension of closed and open questions, in the following of simple instructions of an action + 3 elements and in simple sentences of the subject - verb - object type, likewise, the gender agreement and the identification of the phon /n/. It is concluded that the intervention plan designed for the needs of the girl shows progress in the lexical semantic, morphosyntactic and phonetic phonological components, therefore, it favors her family, social and school environment.
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Keywords
Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación), Niños--Lenguaje, Educación preescolar--Investigaciones