Mujeres indígenas, artesanas y emprendedoras: un análisis de emprendimiento social en la comunidad indígena shipibo conibo de Cantagallo
Date
2022-02-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las mujeres shipibo-conibo han sido fundamentales para la trascendencia
y preservación de su cultura, siendo reconocidas como generadoras de cambio
y portadoras de conocimientos ancestrales. Se distingue el caso de las mujeres
indígenas shipibo-conibo de Cantagallo por la variedad de empresas,
emprendimientos y proyectos sociales, en su mayoría liderados por mujeres, en
los que participan o son punto clave. Si bien, hay trayectoria histórica y práctica
que las posiciona como primeras mercantes de sus artesanías, sus ventas pasan
de ser transacciones rápidas, acciones independientes bajo sus medios,
capacidades y lógicas indígenas a la formación de emprendimientos con
rentabilidad. Por ello, es necesario cuestionarse si estos emprendimientos son
netamente convencionales, con una búsqueda legítima de lucro como
emprendimientos o microempresas, o involucran algo más, con una misión e
identidad social que permite calzar su emprendimiento en la terminología
utilitaria y jurídica de “empresa social”. Para ello, la revisión literaria abre un
debate, desde el estudio de las comunidades y poblaciones indígenas en
relación con el capitalismo violento e impetuoso, al diálogo con planteamientos
sobre el peligro de oponerse a procesos de masificación o inserción en el
mercado de los medios y materiales culturales debido a que la venta de artesanía
y/u otro tipo de expresiones populares se dan por un principio de rentabilidad y
exposición por las mismas poblaciones que las producen. En ese sentido, se
debe considerar a las poblaciones indígenas como actores activos y resaltar su
inserción independiente en el capitalismo y las lógicas de mercado. Esta
investigación pretende incentivar la exploración en el campo del emprendimiento
social y su papel en esta comunidad amazónica urbana. Además de aportar a la
visibilidad de herramientas para el desarrollo económico y la conservación de la
herencia cultural amazónica, de manera simultánea y conviviente.
Shipibo-conibo women have been fundamental for their culture’s transcendence and preservation, being recognized as agents of change and ancestor’s knowledge bearers. Cantagallo indigenous shipibo-conibo women’s case is identified by the variety of companies, entrepreneurships, and social projects, mainly lead by women, where they are part of, or where they are a key part. While they have a historic trajectory and practice which position them as the first merchants of handicrafts inspired in their culture, their sales have evolved from being quick transactions, independent actions under their own means, capacities, and indigenous logic, to the creation of functional and profitable entrepreneurships. Therefore, it is necessary to question if these entrepreneurships are purely conventional with a legitimate search for profit like entrepreneurships or microenterprises, or if they involve something else, with a mission and social identity that allow them to fit under the utilitarian and legal terminology of “social business”. To do that, a debate from literature review is opened, from a study of indigenous communities and population in relation to the violent and impetuous capitalism, to dialogue with approaches about the danger of opposing to overcrowding and insertion processes in the media market and cultural materials since handicrafts sales and/or other type of popular expressions are given by a profitability principle and exhibition by the own population that produces it. In that sense, indigenous populations must be considered as active actors, and their independent insertion in capitalism and their logic of market as entrepreneurs must be highlighted. This investigation seeks to motivate research in the social entrepreneurship field and their role in this Amazonian urban community, as well as to contribute to visibility of tools for economic development, and Amazonian cultural heritage preservation simultaneously and in coexistence.
Shipibo-conibo women have been fundamental for their culture’s transcendence and preservation, being recognized as agents of change and ancestor’s knowledge bearers. Cantagallo indigenous shipibo-conibo women’s case is identified by the variety of companies, entrepreneurships, and social projects, mainly lead by women, where they are part of, or where they are a key part. While they have a historic trajectory and practice which position them as the first merchants of handicrafts inspired in their culture, their sales have evolved from being quick transactions, independent actions under their own means, capacities, and indigenous logic, to the creation of functional and profitable entrepreneurships. Therefore, it is necessary to question if these entrepreneurships are purely conventional with a legitimate search for profit like entrepreneurships or microenterprises, or if they involve something else, with a mission and social identity that allow them to fit under the utilitarian and legal terminology of “social business”. To do that, a debate from literature review is opened, from a study of indigenous communities and population in relation to the violent and impetuous capitalism, to dialogue with approaches about the danger of opposing to overcrowding and insertion processes in the media market and cultural materials since handicrafts sales and/or other type of popular expressions are given by a profitability principle and exhibition by the own population that produces it. In that sense, indigenous populations must be considered as active actors, and their independent insertion in capitalism and their logic of market as entrepreneurs must be highlighted. This investigation seeks to motivate research in the social entrepreneurship field and their role in this Amazonian urban community, as well as to contribute to visibility of tools for economic development, and Amazonian cultural heritage preservation simultaneously and in coexistence.
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Keywords
Mujeres Shipibo-Conibo--Condiciones sociales--Perú--Cantagallo (Lima : Distrito), Mujeres indígenas--Perú--Cantagallo (Lima : Distrito), Mujeres--Emprendimiento--Perú--Cantagallo (Lima : Distrito)
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