Desafíos e incentivos en la implementación de un Programa de Compliance empresarial: Un análisis a partir de las últimas modificaciones a la Ley N.° 30424
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En un contexto empresarial donde el compliance se presenta como un
componente esencial para garantizar la ética corporativa, resulta esencial
analizar el rol que desempeña la Alta Dirección en su adecuada implementación.
La finalidad del presente artículo es examinar los principales factores que
desafían e incentivan la consolidación de una verdadera cultura de cumplimiento
en las empresas peruanas. Para ello, este análisis se despliega en tres aspectos
fundamentales. En primer lugar, nos referimos a los principales desafíos que
enfrenta la Alta Dirección en la implementación de un Programa de Compliance,
partiendo de su papel estratégico dentro de una empresa y de las barreras
internas que limitan en el contexto peruano. En segundo lugar, partimos de la
evolución normativa de la Ley N.º 30424, destacando el efecto de la última
reforma, respecto a la posibilidad de defensa de una empresa ante la comisión
de un delito, en los casos donde este es cometido por un miembro de la Alta
Dirección. Finalmente, evaluamos los incentivos actualmente existentes para
promover una cultura de cumplimiento, abordando los riesgos de los Makeup
Compliance Programs, los incentivos extrajurídicos vigentes, y los factores
estructurales y éticos necesarios para impulsar un Programa de Compliance
auténtico.
De este modo, concluimos que la Alta Dirección enfrenta actualmente mayores
obstáculos y menores incentivos para promover una cultura de cumplimiento
auténtica, la cual es una situación que plantea la necesidad de reforzar otros
incentivos que impulsen un compromiso real con la ética corporativa.
In the current corporate landscape, where compliance is regarded as a key pillar for safeguarding ethical conduct within organizations, it is crucial to analyze the role of Senior Management in its effective implementation. This article explores the main structural, legal, and strategic factors that both hinder and motivate the consolidation of a genuine compliance culture in Peruvian companies. To this end, the analysis is structured around three core dimensions. First, it examines the principal challenges faced by Senior Management in implementing compliance programs, considering both its strategic function within corporate governance and the internal barriers specific to the Peruvian context. Second, it analyzes the regulatory evolution of Law No. 30424, with particular emphasis on the most recent reform that eliminated the possibility of exonerating corporate liability when the offense is committed by a member of Senior Management. Finally, the article assesses current incentives for fostering a compliance culture, discussing the risks of make-up compliance, the remaining extralegal drivers, and the ethical and structural factors necessary to support authentic and sustainable programs. Considering these findings, the article concludes that Senior Management currently faces increased challenges and diminished incentives to lead an effective compliance culture, especially following recent legislative changes. This situation underscores the urgency of developing complementary mechanisms that can restore motivation and reinforce ethical leadership at the highest levels of corporate decision-making
In the current corporate landscape, where compliance is regarded as a key pillar for safeguarding ethical conduct within organizations, it is crucial to analyze the role of Senior Management in its effective implementation. This article explores the main structural, legal, and strategic factors that both hinder and motivate the consolidation of a genuine compliance culture in Peruvian companies. To this end, the analysis is structured around three core dimensions. First, it examines the principal challenges faced by Senior Management in implementing compliance programs, considering both its strategic function within corporate governance and the internal barriers specific to the Peruvian context. Second, it analyzes the regulatory evolution of Law No. 30424, with particular emphasis on the most recent reform that eliminated the possibility of exonerating corporate liability when the offense is committed by a member of Senior Management. Finally, the article assesses current incentives for fostering a compliance culture, discussing the risks of make-up compliance, the remaining extralegal drivers, and the ethical and structural factors necessary to support authentic and sustainable programs. Considering these findings, the article concludes that Senior Management currently faces increased challenges and diminished incentives to lead an effective compliance culture, especially following recent legislative changes. This situation underscores the urgency of developing complementary mechanisms that can restore motivation and reinforce ethical leadership at the highest levels of corporate decision-making
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Derecho empresarial--Legislación--Perú, Cultura empresarial, Gobierno corporativo, Ética de los negocios
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