Factores que influyen en el bienestar subjetivo de cuidadoras familiares de adultos mayores con Alzheimer
Date
2020-05-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En los últimos años, la población adulta mayor ha incrementado notablemente y
consigo la presencia de enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas, entre ellas, el Alzheimer.
Esta enfermedad va disminuyendo la autonomía de la persona adulta mayor y los vuelve cada
vez más dependientes del apoyo de una persona a la cual se le denomina cuidador/a familiar.
Esta persona está propensa a sentir efectos negativos debido a la sobrecarga propia del
cuidado, lo cual perjudica su bienestar subjetivo. La presente investigación buscó conocer los
factores que benefician o perjudican el bienestar subjetivo de las cuidadoras familiares de
adultos mayores con Alzheimer. Para tal fin, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a
seis cuidadores familiares de ancianos con Alzheimer mediante un muestreo no probabilístico
por bola de nieve. Se realizó un análisis temático, el cual permitió identificar, organizar,
analizar y proporcionar temas a partir de la información obtenida de las entrevistas para
posteriormente analizar los resultados. Los principales resultados demostraron que el
bienestar subjetivo de las cuidadoras se ve influido por la percepción que ellas tienen sobre la
enfermedad, por la carga del cuidado, por el amor que sienten hacia el beneficiario/a del
cuidado, por contar con redes de soporte familiar y por un ambiente laboral facilitador. Si
alguno de estos factores se presenta de manera inadecuada, pueden resultar perjudicial para el
bienestar subjetivo de las cuidadoras. Esta investigación brinda información relevante sobre
un tema poco investigado en nuestro país como lo es el bienestar de cuidadoras informales.
Además, ofrece data importante sobre una población escasamente estudiada en el Perú.
In recent years, the elderly population has increased markedly and with it the presence of chronic and degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This disease decreases the autonomy of the elderly person and makes them increasingly dependent on the support of a person who is called a family caregiver. This person is prone to feel negative effects due to the care overload, which damages their subjective well-being. The current research seeks to study the factors that benefit or harm the subjective well-being of family caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. For that purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six family caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease through nonprobabilistic snowball sampling. The main results show that the subjective well-being of caregivers is influenced by their perception of the disease, by the burden of care, the love they feel towards the beneficiary of the care, having family support networks and for a positive work environment. If any of these factors is presented inappropriately, they can be detrimental to the subjective well-being of caregivers. This research provides relevant information on a topic that has not been researched in our country, such as the well-being of informal caregivers. It also offers important data on a poorly studied population in Peru.
In recent years, the elderly population has increased markedly and with it the presence of chronic and degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This disease decreases the autonomy of the elderly person and makes them increasingly dependent on the support of a person who is called a family caregiver. This person is prone to feel negative effects due to the care overload, which damages their subjective well-being. The current research seeks to study the factors that benefit or harm the subjective well-being of family caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. For that purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six family caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease through nonprobabilistic snowball sampling. The main results show that the subjective well-being of caregivers is influenced by their perception of the disease, by the burden of care, the love they feel towards the beneficiary of the care, having family support networks and for a positive work environment. If any of these factors is presented inappropriately, they can be detrimental to the subjective well-being of caregivers. This research provides relevant information on a topic that has not been researched in our country, such as the well-being of informal caregivers. It also offers important data on a poorly studied population in Peru.
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Keywords
Personas adultas mayores--Salud e higiene--Perú, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Investigación cualitativa, Cuidadores--Aspectos psicológicos
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