La función reflexiva como variable de cambio en las intervenciones psicoanalíticas madre-bebé: una revisión integrativa de la literatura
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2021-06-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar de manera crítica los resultados
de los estudios que presentan a la función reflexiva (FR) como variable de cambio en
intervenciones psicoanalíticas madre-bebé. Para ello, se realizó una Revisión Integrativa de la
Literatura siguiendo los lineamientos de los Criterios Homologados de Investigación en
Psicología (CHIP) para las RIL (Nóblega, Gutiérrez y Gómez, 2020). Mediante un análisis
crítico se seleccionaron ocho investigaciones con las siguientes categorías de análisis:
instrumento de recojo de información, características sociales de las madres, contexto grupal
de las terapias y tiempo de duración de estas. Se encontró que el instrumento Parent
Development Interview, resulta poco sensible para medir FR en madres en situación
vulnerable. Además, por la situación de vulnerabilidad actual e historia de trauma, que las
madres reconozcan sus estados subjetivos frente a emociones intensas, resultaba un reto en el
desarrollo de FR. En esa línea, terapias de carácter grupal son beneficiosas para el desarrollo
de FR, sobre todo en contextos donde las madres se conocen y pueden seguir modelando la
postura mentalizadora fuera de la sesión. Sin embargo, intervenciones de muy corta duración
pueden generar estrés y reducir los avances en FR en madres que recién están aprendiendo a
observar sus estados mentales y los de sus bebés. Finalmente, intervenciones de larga duración
son de utilidad para desarrollar FR, sobre todo con niveles de apoyo extras que ayuden a las
madres de manera sostenida a leer las necesidades de su cuerpo y las del cuerpo de su bebé.
The present research aimed to critically analyze the results of studies that present the reflexive function (RF) as a variable of change in mother-baby psychoanalytic interventions. For this, an Integrative Literature Review was carried out following the guidelines of the Approved Criteria for Research in Psychology (CHIP) for the RIL (Nóblega, Gutiérrez, & Gómez, 2020). By means of a critical analysis, eight investigations were selected with the following categories of analysis: instrument for collecting information, social characteristics of the mothers, group context of the therapies and duration of these. The Parent Development Interview instrument was found to be insensitive to measure RF in mothers in vulnerable situations. In addition, due to the current vulnerability and history of trauma, that mothers recognize their subjective states in the face of intense emotions, was a challenge in the development of RF. Along these lines, group therapies are beneficial for the development of RF, especially in contexts where mothers know each other and can continue to model the mentalizing posture outside of the session. However, very short-term interventions can create stress and reduce progress in RF in mothers who are just learning to observe their mental states and those of their babies. Finally, long-term interventions are useful to develop RF, especially with extra levels of support that help mothers in a sustained way to read the needs of their body and those of their baby's body.
The present research aimed to critically analyze the results of studies that present the reflexive function (RF) as a variable of change in mother-baby psychoanalytic interventions. For this, an Integrative Literature Review was carried out following the guidelines of the Approved Criteria for Research in Psychology (CHIP) for the RIL (Nóblega, Gutiérrez, & Gómez, 2020). By means of a critical analysis, eight investigations were selected with the following categories of analysis: instrument for collecting information, social characteristics of the mothers, group context of the therapies and duration of these. The Parent Development Interview instrument was found to be insensitive to measure RF in mothers in vulnerable situations. In addition, due to the current vulnerability and history of trauma, that mothers recognize their subjective states in the face of intense emotions, was a challenge in the development of RF. Along these lines, group therapies are beneficial for the development of RF, especially in contexts where mothers know each other and can continue to model the mentalizing posture outside of the session. However, very short-term interventions can create stress and reduce progress in RF in mothers who are just learning to observe their mental states and those of their babies. Finally, long-term interventions are useful to develop RF, especially with extra levels of support that help mothers in a sustained way to read the needs of their body and those of their baby's body.
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Maternidad--Aspectos psicológicos., Madres e hijos, Sensibilidad, Interpretación psicoanalítica
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