Justicia y Comportamiento Discrecional en empleados de organizaciones ubicadas en Perú

Abstract

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación y su sentido entre la justicia organizacional y el comportamiento ciudadano y contraproducente en colaboradores de empresas privadas y públicas ubicadas en el Perú. Se contaron con 211 participantes, hombres (56.4%) y mujeres (43,6%), con edades entre 19 a 73 años (M=33; DE=10.46), quienes actualmente estaban trabajando en una organización ubicada en el Perú. Los instrumentos empleados fueron una ficha de datos sociodemográficos, las escalas Organizational Citizenship Behavior - Checklist (OCB-C) y Organizational Counterproductive Behavior – Checklist de Fox y Spector (2002b, 2002a) que, para este estudio, fueron traducidas al español y validadas por criterio interjueces, y la escala Justicia Organizacional de Colquitt (2001) en su versión traducida por Omar y colegas (2018). Se encontró que la Justicia Organizacional correlacionaba negativa y significativamente con el Comportamiento Contraproducente y también lo predecía, mientras que, con el Comportamiento Ciudadano, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas y no lo predecía. En cuanto a las dimensiones de la Justicia Organizacional, se encontró que la Justicia Procedimental e Informacional correlacionaban negativa y significativamente con el Comportamiento Contraproducente, siendo predictora solo la Justicia Procedimental. Con el Comportamiento Ciudadano, no se encontraron relaciones significativas con las dimensiones de la Justicia Organizacional, aunque se obtuvo como variables predictoras a la Justicia Procedimental, Interaccional e Informacional.The objective of this research was to establish the relationship and its meaning between organizational justice and citizenship and counterproductive behavior in collaborators of private and public companies located in Peru. There were 211 participants, men (56.4%) and women (43.6%), aged between 19 and 73 (M=33; DE=10.46), who were currently working in an organization located in Peru. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data sheet, the Organizational Citizenship Behavior - Checklist (OCBC) and Organizational Counterproductive Behavior - Checklist scales by Fox and Spector (2002b, 2002a) which, for this study, were translated into Spanish and validated by interjudge criteria, and the Organizational Justice scale by Colquitt (2001) in its version translated by Omar and colleagues (2018). Organizational Justice was found to correlate negatively and significantly with Counterproductive Behavior and also to predict it, whereas, with Citizen Behavior, no significant correlations were found and did not predict it. As for the dimensions of Organizational Justice, it was found that Procedural and Informational Justice correlated negatively and significantly with Counterproductive Behavior, with Procedural Justice being the only predictor. With respect to Citizen Behavior, no significant relationships were found with the dimensions of Organizational Justice, although Procedural, Interactional and Informational Justice were obtained as predictive variables.