Aplicación de los criterios de racionalidad de Neil McCormick en la motivación del requerimiento fiscal de sobreseimiento en los delitos de lesiones físicas, usurpación, y hurto
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio analiza la aplicación de la teoría de los criterios de
racionalidad de Neil McCormick en la motivación del requerimiento fiscal de
sobreseimiento dentro del proceso penal peruano, especialmente enfocado en
los delitos de lesiones físicas, usurpación, y hurto. El problema central
identificado radica en la deficiente argumentación jurídica de los fiscales
provinciales para justificar los pedidos de sobreseimiento, propiciando que los
jueces o fiscales superiores dispongan la continuación innecesaria de los
procesos, lo que afecta a la eficiencia del sistema penal.
Para superar ello, se emplea el marco jurídico, Código Procesal penal y la
jurisprudencia existente al respecto, así como la teoría de la argumentación
jurídica del filósofo Neil MacCormick, sobre todo sus postulados de racionalidad:
universalidad, coherencia, consistencia y consecuencia, que sirven para evaluar
la justificación de las decisiones judiciales y fiscales. Es pues en los citados
delitos, donde el requerimiento de sobreseimiento se fundamenta en una falta de
tipicidad, insuficiencia probatoria o la imposibilidad de que se establezca el dolo
o una relación causal.
Siendo así, la aplicación de la teoría de McCormick resulta pertinente, debido a
que nos permite fortalecer la motivación racional, objetiva y coherente de los
requerimientos. En suma, se propone que la existencia de una mejora en la
argumentación y técnica de los fiscales, para que así se garanticen decisiones
mejor fundamentadas, evitándose dilaciones y promoviéndose una justifica penal
más eficiente.
This study analyzes the application of Neil McCormick's rationality criteria theory to the motivation behind prosecutorial requests for dismissal (sobreseimiento) within the Peruvian criminal justice system, focusing particularly on the crimes of lessions, usurpation, and aggravated theft. The central problem identified lies in the deficient legal argumentation used by provincial prosecutors to justify their requests for dismissal, leading judges or higher prosecutors to order the unnecessary continuation of proceedings, thus affecting the efficiency of the criminal justice system. To overcome this, the legal framework, the Code of Criminal Procedure, and existing jurisprudence are employed, as well as the theory of legal argumentation developed by philosopher Neil McCormick, particularly his postulates of rationality: universality, coherence, consistency, and consequence, which serve to evaluate the justification of judicial and prosecutorial decisions. It is in these crimes, then, where the request for dismissal is based on a lack of specificity, insufficient evidence, or the impossibility of establishing intent or a causal link. Therefore, the application of McCormick's theory is pertinent, as it allows us to strengthen the rational, objective, and coherent motivation of the requests. In short, it is proposed that there be an improvement in the argumentation and technique of prosecutors, so as to guarantee better-founded decisions, avoid delays, and promote a more efficient criminal justice system.
This study analyzes the application of Neil McCormick's rationality criteria theory to the motivation behind prosecutorial requests for dismissal (sobreseimiento) within the Peruvian criminal justice system, focusing particularly on the crimes of lessions, usurpation, and aggravated theft. The central problem identified lies in the deficient legal argumentation used by provincial prosecutors to justify their requests for dismissal, leading judges or higher prosecutors to order the unnecessary continuation of proceedings, thus affecting the efficiency of the criminal justice system. To overcome this, the legal framework, the Code of Criminal Procedure, and existing jurisprudence are employed, as well as the theory of legal argumentation developed by philosopher Neil McCormick, particularly his postulates of rationality: universality, coherence, consistency, and consequence, which serve to evaluate the justification of judicial and prosecutorial decisions. It is in these crimes, then, where the request for dismissal is based on a lack of specificity, insufficient evidence, or the impossibility of establishing intent or a causal link. Therefore, the application of McCormick's theory is pertinent, as it allows us to strengthen the rational, objective, and coherent motivation of the requests. In short, it is proposed that there be an improvement in the argumentation and technique of prosecutors, so as to guarantee better-founded decisions, avoid delays, and promote a more efficient criminal justice system.
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McCormick, Neil, 1942-, Sobreseimiento--Perú, Delitos--Perú, Derecho procesal penal--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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item.page.referenced
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