Regulación del precedente administrativo en el Perú
Date
2023-04-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los precedentes otorgan predictibilidad al sistema de administración de justicia
y en el caso del Derecho Administrativo las necesidades son similares a las del
ámbito jurisdiccional, y es necesario dotar de predictibilidad a las decisiones
administrativas y ello otorga legitimidad a las decisiones de la administración
pública, se requiere entonces que los criterios interpretativos de la
administración se encuentren adecuadamente definidos y ello implica que la
aprobación de precedentes administrativos –al margen de la especialización de
las entidades administrativas– sea uniforme.
En el ordenamiento jurídico administrativo peruano la emisión de precedentes
vinculantes se ha desarrollado mediante resoluciones emitidas por la sala plena
de los tribunales administrativos que establecen criterios interpretativos o
mediante actos administrativos emitidos en casos concretos por la última
instancia administrativa.
Se plantea en el presente trabajo que la administración pública al establecer
precedentes vinculantes vía acuerdos de sala plena sobre temas y no sobre
casos concretos ejercería una potestad reglamentaria o cuasi legiferante que
genera una zona gris que puede generar una grave afectación al principio del
debido procedimiento administrativo y a la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva.
Entonces, es necesario delimitar claramente la naturaleza del precedente y
desde cuándo goza de vigencia un precedente vinculante a fin de garantizar
adecuadamente la predictibilidad y uniformidad en el ordenamiento jurídico
administrativo.
The precedents grant predictability to the justice administration system and in the case of Administrative Law the needs are similar to those of the jurisdictional sphere, and it is necessary to provide predictability to administrative decisions and this grants legitimacy to the decisions of the public administration, it is It then requires that the interpretative criteria of the administration be adequately defined and this implies that the approval of administrative precedents –regardless of the specialization of the administrative entities– is uniform. In the Peruvian administrative legal system, the issuance of binding precedents has been developed through resolutions issued by the full chamber of the administrative courts that establish interpretative criteria or through administrative acts issued in specific cases by the last administrative instance. It is proposed in the present work that the public administration, by establishing binding precedents via full court agreements on issues and not on specific cases, would exercise a regulatory or quasi-legislative power that generates a gray area that can seriously affect the principle of due administrative procedure. and effective judicial protection. Then, it is necessary to clearly define the nature of the precedent and since when a binding precedent has been in force in order to adequately guarantee predictability and uniformity in the administrative legal system.
The precedents grant predictability to the justice administration system and in the case of Administrative Law the needs are similar to those of the jurisdictional sphere, and it is necessary to provide predictability to administrative decisions and this grants legitimacy to the decisions of the public administration, it is It then requires that the interpretative criteria of the administration be adequately defined and this implies that the approval of administrative precedents –regardless of the specialization of the administrative entities– is uniform. In the Peruvian administrative legal system, the issuance of binding precedents has been developed through resolutions issued by the full chamber of the administrative courts that establish interpretative criteria or through administrative acts issued in specific cases by the last administrative instance. It is proposed in the present work that the public administration, by establishing binding precedents via full court agreements on issues and not on specific cases, would exercise a regulatory or quasi-legislative power that generates a gray area that can seriously affect the principle of due administrative procedure. and effective judicial protection. Then, it is necessary to clearly define the nature of the precedent and since when a binding precedent has been in force in order to adequately guarantee predictability and uniformity in the administrative legal system.
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Keywords
Derecho administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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