Antes del conflicto: La configuración de la representación a causa del litio en Puno
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2022-09-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio contribuye al debate sobre la actividad minera y sus efectos en
las representaciones políticas locales. La literatura presenta una información amplia
sobre esta temática; no obstante, se centra en el inicio de las operaciones de la
minera o desde un conflicto socioambiental por minería. De esta manera, este
estudio analiza las reconfiguraciones de las representaciones políticas locales
desde el anuncio de un proyecto minero. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso
sobre el proyecto de litio Falchani en Puno ya que los yacimientos se descubrieron
en el 2018. En este sentido, se busca responder a la pregunta: ¿cómo se
reconfigura la representación política local frente al anuncio de un nuevo proyecto
minero? Así, el objetivo principal es analizar la reconfiguración de la organización
social y la política local frente al anuncio de un nuevo proyecto minero. En base a
una revisión de fuentes secundarias, se demuestra que en diversos casos la
configuración de representaciones locales sucede desde el anuncio de un proyecto
minero, siendo el escenario más evidente el tránsito de organizaciones sociales a
espacios de política local. En este contexto, se da un proceso de diálogo y
negociación entre la empresa minera y las autoridades locales. Si bien estos
procesos se estudian para la resolución de conflictos, algunas características sobre
el diálogo son similares en ambos contextos. Finalmente, se propone que, al
anunciarse un proyecto minero, se genera un debate público, lo cual produce
demandas representadas por las organizaciones sociales hacia la política local.
Debido a una frontera difusa, se puede visibilizar una alta densidad político-
asociativo, que se fortalece más ya que la política local, para asegurar su
legitimidad, debe incorporar las demandas representadas por las organizaciones
sociales. De esta manera, la política local y las organizaciones sociales se articulan,
configurando así las representaciones locales.
This study contributes to the debate on mining activity and its effects on local political representations. The literature presents extensive information on this subject; however, it focuses on the start of mining operations or from a socio-environmental conflict over mining. In this way, this study analyzes the reconfigurations of local political representations since the announcement of a mining project. For this, a case study is carried out on the Falchani lithium project in Puno since the deposits were discovered in 2018. In this sense, it seeks to answer the question: how is local political representation reconfigured in the face of the announcement of a new mining project? Thus, the main objective is to analyze the reconfiguration of social organization and local politics in the face of the announcement of a new mining project. Based on a review of secondary sources, it is shown that in various cases the configuration of local representations occurs from the announcement of a mining project, the most obvious scenario being the transition from social organizations to local political spaces. In this context, there is a process of dialogue and negotiation between the mining company and the local authorities. Although these processes are studied for conflict resolution, some characteristics of dialogue are similar in both contexts. Finally, it is proposed that, when a mining project is announced, a public debate is generated, which produces demands represented by social organizations towards local politics. Due to a diffuse border, a high political-associative density can be visible, which is further strengthened since local politics, to ensure its legitimacy, must incorporate the demands represented by social organizations. In this way, local politics and social organizations are articulated, thus configuring local representations.
This study contributes to the debate on mining activity and its effects on local political representations. The literature presents extensive information on this subject; however, it focuses on the start of mining operations or from a socio-environmental conflict over mining. In this way, this study analyzes the reconfigurations of local political representations since the announcement of a mining project. For this, a case study is carried out on the Falchani lithium project in Puno since the deposits were discovered in 2018. In this sense, it seeks to answer the question: how is local political representation reconfigured in the face of the announcement of a new mining project? Thus, the main objective is to analyze the reconfiguration of social organization and local politics in the face of the announcement of a new mining project. Based on a review of secondary sources, it is shown that in various cases the configuration of local representations occurs from the announcement of a mining project, the most obvious scenario being the transition from social organizations to local political spaces. In this context, there is a process of dialogue and negotiation between the mining company and the local authorities. Although these processes are studied for conflict resolution, some characteristics of dialogue are similar in both contexts. Finally, it is proposed that, when a mining project is announced, a public debate is generated, which produces demands represented by social organizations towards local politics. Due to a diffuse border, a high political-associative density can be visible, which is further strengthened since local politics, to ensure its legitimacy, must incorporate the demands represented by social organizations. In this way, local politics and social organizations are articulated, thus configuring local representations.
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Keywords
Litio--Perú, Estructura social--Perú, Minería--Perú, Conflictos sociales, Medio ambiente, Participación social--Perú, Participación ciudadana--Perú
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