Una aplicación de la teoría del portafolio para entender los determinantes del apalancamiento bancario en el caso peruano: regulación de capital o disciplina de mercado
Date
2022-05-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación pretende analizar los determinantes del
apalancamiento bancario con respecto a los cuatro principales bancos del Perú;
en ese sentido, se tiene como objetivo responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿el
requerimiento de capital, es el principal determinante del apalancamiento de los
bancos peruanos o, por el contrario, es la disciplina de mercado? La metodología
que se utiliza para analizar los determinantes del apalancamiento bancario es el
enfoque de portafolio desarrollado por Kim y Santomero (1988).
Los resultados sugieren que el principal determinante del apalancamiento
bancario es la disciplina de mercado y no los requerimientos de capital, ya que
al estimar la frontera eficiente con los requerimientos de capital y ubicar los
portafolios de los bancos en el plano retorno-desviación estándar se observa que
los bancos poseen niveles inferiores de apalancamiento permitidos por regular.
Asimismo, siguiendo la metodología de Kim y Santomero (1988) se observa que
los bancos presentan niveles de probabilidad de insolvencia superiores a los
deseados por el regulador. Finalmente, se encuentra evidencia de la importancia
de los requerimientos de liquidez para la estimación de la frontera eficiente. Esta
evidencia muestra la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones que incluyan los
requerimientos de liquidez al utilizar un enfoque de portafolio para analizar los
determinantes del apalancamiento bancario.
This research work aims to analyze the determinants of bank leverage with respect to the four main banks in Peru, in that sense, it aims to answer the following question: is the capital requirement the main determinant of the leverage of the Peruvian banks or, on the contrary, is it market discipline? The methodology used to analyze the determinants of bank leverage is the portfolio approach developed by Kim and Santomero(1988). The results suggest that the main determinant of bank leverage is market discipline and not capital requirements, since, when estimating the efficient frontier with capital requirements and locating bank portfolios in the returnstandard deviation plane, It is observed that those who have banks lower levels of leverage allowed by the regular. Likewise, following the methodology of Kim and Santomero (1988), it is observed that banks present levels of probability of insolvency higher than those desired by the regulator. Finally, there is evidence of the importance of liquidity requirements for estimating the efficient frontier. This shows the need for further research that includes liquidity requirements when using a portfolio approach to analyze the determinants of bank leverage.
This research work aims to analyze the determinants of bank leverage with respect to the four main banks in Peru, in that sense, it aims to answer the following question: is the capital requirement the main determinant of the leverage of the Peruvian banks or, on the contrary, is it market discipline? The methodology used to analyze the determinants of bank leverage is the portfolio approach developed by Kim and Santomero(1988). The results suggest that the main determinant of bank leverage is market discipline and not capital requirements, since, when estimating the efficient frontier with capital requirements and locating bank portfolios in the returnstandard deviation plane, It is observed that those who have banks lower levels of leverage allowed by the regular. Likewise, following the methodology of Kim and Santomero (1988), it is observed that banks present levels of probability of insolvency higher than those desired by the regulator. Finally, there is evidence of the importance of liquidity requirements for estimating the efficient frontier. This shows the need for further research that includes liquidity requirements when using a portfolio approach to analyze the determinants of bank leverage.
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Keywords
Sistema financiero--Perú, Bancos--Regulación--Perú, Instrumentos financieros--Perú
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