Proceso de construcción de la nación y democracia en el Perú: los casos de Bagua y Conga
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Date
2022-02-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La Tesis busca entender el origen y el sentido de las protestas sociales y la
medida en que éstas deben hacer revisar el ejercicio de la democracia y sus
fundamentos normativos en América Latina. Partiendo del convencimiento de
que lo que ha quedado pendiente en el proceso de construcción de la nación
tiene influencia en el concepto y vigencia de la democracia, se analiza el modo
en que las diferentes ideas y proyectos de nación se desarrollaron en el
proceso político, con diferentes modos de definición e inclusión de la
ciudadanía, incidiendo fuertemente sobre los valores y prácticas de la
democracia contemporánea. La tesis estudia dos casos de protesta social en el
Perú, Bagua y Conga, que tuvieron lugar en el año 2009 y el 2011,
respectivamente, y han sido las protestas sociales más relevantes de los
últimos años en el Perú. Planteamos como hipótesis normativa central, que un
proceso de construcción de la nación poco inclusivo explica la fragmentaria
consolidación y profundización de la democracia en el país. Las coyunturas
críticas de Bagua y Conga expresan los límites en el proceso de construcción de
la nación en el Perú y, a su vez, las debilidades de la consolidación de la
democracia, que debe avanzar hacia su profundización para lograr una más
plena realización de los ideales de ciudadanía y de participación política.
The Thesis seeks to understand the origin and meaning of social protests and the extent to which they should lead to a review of the exercise of democracy and its normative foundations in Latin America. Based on the conviction that what has been left pending in the process of nation building has an influence on the concept and validity of democracy, it analyzes the way in which different ideas and projects of nation developed in the political process, with different ways of defining and including citizenship, strongly influencing the values and practices of contemporary democracy. The thesis studies two cases of social protest in Peru, Bagua and Conga, which took place in 2009 and 2011, respectively, and have been the most relevant social protests in recent years in Peru. We propose as a central normative hypothesis that a nation-building process that is not very inclusive explains the fragmentary consolidation and deepening of democracy in the country. The critical junctures of Bagua and Conga express the limits of the nation-building process in Peru and, in turn, the weaknesses of the consolidation of democracy, which must move towards its deepening in order to achieve a fuller realization of the ideals of citizenship and political participation.
The Thesis seeks to understand the origin and meaning of social protests and the extent to which they should lead to a review of the exercise of democracy and its normative foundations in Latin America. Based on the conviction that what has been left pending in the process of nation building has an influence on the concept and validity of democracy, it analyzes the way in which different ideas and projects of nation developed in the political process, with different ways of defining and including citizenship, strongly influencing the values and practices of contemporary democracy. The thesis studies two cases of social protest in Peru, Bagua and Conga, which took place in 2009 and 2011, respectively, and have been the most relevant social protests in recent years in Peru. We propose as a central normative hypothesis that a nation-building process that is not very inclusive explains the fragmentary consolidation and deepening of democracy in the country. The critical junctures of Bagua and Conga express the limits of the nation-building process in Peru and, in turn, the weaknesses of the consolidation of democracy, which must move towards its deepening in order to achieve a fuller realization of the ideals of citizenship and political participation.
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Keywords
Nación--Perú--Siglo XXI, Democracia--Perú--Siglo XXI, Movimientos sociales--Perú--Siglo XXI, Conflictos sociales--Perú--Bagua (Amazonas : Provincia), Conflictos sociales--Perú--Cajamarca
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