El impacto de una víctima única en la deshonestidad: emociones y autoconcepto
Date
2020-07-06
Journal Title
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La deshonestidad, reflejada en actos como la corrupción, es considerada uno de los
principales problemas en el Perú. Este estudio apeló al mecanismo de categorización para
explorar si el hecho de ser consciente de quiénes serían las potenciales víctimas de actos
deshonestos podría ser suficiente para reducirlos. La investigación fue conducida en un
centro comercial en Lima, Perú. Para evaluar la deshonestidad, los participantes (n = 40)
realizaron la “tarea del dado” 20 veces. El grado de deshonestidad se midió de manera
agregada, a nivel grupal. Adicionalmente, se evaluó cómo la exposición a un número distinto
de víctimas influye en la deshonestidad. Para ello, se crearon tres condiciones experimentales
iniciales: 0) control, 1) una víctima identificable; 2) dos víctimas identificables. Debido a
razones metodológicas, la condición experimental 1) se subdividió en dos: a) un niño hombre
de 2 años que tenía una grave condición de salud y b) una niña mujer de 4 años que tenía una
grave condición de salud. Los resultados iniciales demuestran que los participantes, en
general, fueron honestos; contrariamente a lo esperado en base a investigaciones previas.
Solo en la condición experimental 1a) los participantes fueron deshonestos. Su
deshonestidad, sin embargo, benefició a la víctima única a expensas de sus ganancias
financieras personales. Estos resultados sugerirían posibles actos de altruismo, los cuales van
más allá del alcance de este estudio. Futuras investigaciones incluirán una mayor muestra,
así como mediciones psicológicas más precisas que permitan identificar los mecanismos de
acción subyacentes a estos resultados preliminares.
Acts of dishonesty, such as corruption, are considered among the main country-level problems in Peru. Appealing to the categorization mechanism, we wanted to know whether knowingly harming identifiable victims could reduce dishonest behavior. A pilot study was conducted in a shopping center in Lima, Peru. To assess dishonesty, participants (n=40) completed the “die task” 20 times. The degree of dishonesty was measured at group level. Additionally, we assessed how varying the number of victims influences dishonest behavior; inspired by previous research on the singularity effect. Three experimental conditions were created: 0) control; 1) one identifiable victim; 2) two identifiable victims. Due to methodological issues, experimental condition 1) was divided into a) one male, aged 2 with a serious health condition; and b) one female, aged 4 with a serious health condition. Initial results show participants were generally honest; contrary to what was expected given past research. Only in experimental condition 1a) participants were dishonest. Their dishonesty, however, benefited the victim in expense of their own financial earnings. These surprising results may suggest acts of altruism, which go beyond the scope of this study. Future work may include a larger sample size and more accurate psychological measurements, which could identify the mechanisms underlying these preliminary findings.
Acts of dishonesty, such as corruption, are considered among the main country-level problems in Peru. Appealing to the categorization mechanism, we wanted to know whether knowingly harming identifiable victims could reduce dishonest behavior. A pilot study was conducted in a shopping center in Lima, Peru. To assess dishonesty, participants (n=40) completed the “die task” 20 times. The degree of dishonesty was measured at group level. Additionally, we assessed how varying the number of victims influences dishonest behavior; inspired by previous research on the singularity effect. Three experimental conditions were created: 0) control; 1) one identifiable victim; 2) two identifiable victims. Due to methodological issues, experimental condition 1) was divided into a) one male, aged 2 with a serious health condition; and b) one female, aged 4 with a serious health condition. Initial results show participants were generally honest; contrary to what was expected given past research. Only in experimental condition 1a) participants were dishonest. Their dishonesty, however, benefited the victim in expense of their own financial earnings. These surprising results may suggest acts of altruism, which go beyond the scope of this study. Future work may include a larger sample size and more accurate psychological measurements, which could identify the mechanisms underlying these preliminary findings.
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Keywords
Corrupción--Aspectos morales y éticos, Autoconcepto, Altruismo
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