Puntos de alivio: Proyecto de comunicación para mejorar la ruta del paciente del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN)
Date
2020-02-13
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Si bien la salud es un derecho fundamental de las personas, aún existe una gran brecha para
lograr el acceso universal a salud de calidad. A nivel nacional, una de las problemáticas se
vincula al cáncer. En dicho sector de atención de salud, uno de los grandes problemas son las
necesidades de información de los pacientes con cáncer que asisten al Instituto Nacional de
Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) ubicado en Lima. En ese sentido, con el fin de plantear un
proyecto comunicacional, se plantean los resultados de un diagnóstico comunicacional que
presenta como objetivo principal conocer la información disponible para los pacientes, así
como las vivencias y necesidades que tienen durante su ruta en el tratamiento. Entonces, la
investigación se centra en analizar los recursos informativos, identificar dificultades de acceso
a la información, identificar percepciones y discursos, y evidenciar las funciones de la Oficina
de Comunicaciones del Instituto desde un enfoque cualitativo, basado en el uso de entrevistas
a profundidad, análisis de contenido y observación no participante, principalmente. Así, desde
el enfoque de Comunicación para el Desarrollo, se identifica que hay diversas necesidades de
información no cubiertas en los pacientes y que pueden entenderse como ‘puntos de dolor’.
Hay tres problemas específicos: desubicación de los pacientes al llegar al INEN por la falta de
información completa, necesaria y oportuna; el estado de estrés de los pacientes les dificulta
la comprensión de recursos comunicacionales complejos; y, el desconocimiento de las redes
de apoyo, sus derechos, y los lugares y procedimientos para reclamar. Es así que, se plantea el
proyecto comunicacional “Puntos de Alivio”, el cual busca Contribuir a que los pacientes del
INEN gocen de mayor bienestar durante su tránsito por el instituto a través de una experiencia
de comunicación empática y articulada, a través del trabajo con la Oficina de Comunicaciones
del INEN.
Even health is a fundamental right for people, there is still a wide gap to achieve universal health access of good quality. Nationally, one of the problems is related to cancer. In the healthcare sector, one of the big problems is the information needs of cancer patients attending the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN, by its acronym in Spanish) located in Lima. Accordingly, in order to propose a communication project, the following text presents first the results of a communicational diagnosis, which main objective is to know the information available to patients, as well as the experiences and needs they have during their treatment route. Then, the research focuses on analyzing information resources, identifying difficulties in accessing information, gathering perceptions and speeches, and demonstrating the functions of the Institute's Office of Communications from a qualitative approach, based on the use of in-depth interviews, content analysis and non-participant observation. Thus, from the Communication for Development approach, it is identified that there are various information needs not met in patients which can be understood as ‘pain points’. There are three specific problems: patient disorientation upon arrival at INEN due to the lack of complete and adequate information given in time; the state of stress of the patients makes it difficult for them to understand complex communication resources; and, the lack of knowledge of support networks, their rights, places and procedures to claim. As a result, the “Relief Points” communication project is proposed, and seeks to help INEN cancer patients enjoy greater wellfare during their transit into and out of the institute through an experience of empathic and articulated communication, with the efforts of the INEN Communications Office.
Even health is a fundamental right for people, there is still a wide gap to achieve universal health access of good quality. Nationally, one of the problems is related to cancer. In the healthcare sector, one of the big problems is the information needs of cancer patients attending the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN, by its acronym in Spanish) located in Lima. Accordingly, in order to propose a communication project, the following text presents first the results of a communicational diagnosis, which main objective is to know the information available to patients, as well as the experiences and needs they have during their treatment route. Then, the research focuses on analyzing information resources, identifying difficulties in accessing information, gathering perceptions and speeches, and demonstrating the functions of the Institute's Office of Communications from a qualitative approach, based on the use of in-depth interviews, content analysis and non-participant observation. Thus, from the Communication for Development approach, it is identified that there are various information needs not met in patients which can be understood as ‘pain points’. There are three specific problems: patient disorientation upon arrival at INEN due to the lack of complete and adequate information given in time; the state of stress of the patients makes it difficult for them to understand complex communication resources; and, the lack of knowledge of support networks, their rights, places and procedures to claim. As a result, the “Relief Points” communication project is proposed, and seeks to help INEN cancer patients enjoy greater wellfare during their transit into and out of the institute through an experience of empathic and articulated communication, with the efforts of the INEN Communications Office.
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Keywords
Salud pública--Administración--Perú, Oncología--Servicios de salud--Comunicación
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