Rasgos emprendedores y la Orientación al Emprendimiento Sostenible (SEO) en las MYPES: el rol del género
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El contexto actual en Perú presenta una fuerte dependencia de sectores
económicos que impactan el medio ambiente, por lo que la falta de sostenibilidad en los
emprendimientos agrava la degradación ambiental y limita el desarrollo sostenible. A
pesar de ser uno de los países más emprendedores a nivel mundial, el país enfrenta el
desafío de equilibrar el crecimiento económico con la preservación de los ecosistemas y
el bienestar social. La motivación de este estudio radica en entender cómo los rasgos de
los tomadores de decisión en las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas (MYPES) pueden
contribuir a orientar estos emprendimientos hacia prácticas más sostenibles, a través de
una capacidad dinámica de emergente interés en la literatura llamada Orientación al
Emprendimiento Sostenible (SEO), lo cual es esencial para la sostenibilidad a largo plazo
y para generar un impacto positivo en la economía y en la sociedad peruana.
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos de rasgos
genéricos, explorados en el contexto emprendedor, del tomador de decisión sobre la
SEO, así también busca evaluar el efecto de la SEO sobre el desempeño organizacional,
teniendo al género como moderador de dicha relación. Para ello, se ha realizado una
investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance explicativo y diseño no experimental.
La población y muestra estuvo representada por 121 MYPES con reportes de
sostenibilidad del Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) en el Perú. Se evaluó el modelo
propuesto mediante el uso de cuestionarios y la aplicación de la técnica de ecuaciones
estructurales por el método de mínimos cuadrados (PLS-SEM). Se encontró que, de los
rasgos emprendedores del tomador de decisión, los motivos de poder explícito, la
conciencia, la regulación emocional, la resiliencia y la autoeficacia emprendedoras
contribuyen con la aparición de la SEO, como precursor del emprendimiento sostenible.
Además, se encontró un efecto positivo y significativo de la SEO sobre el desempeño
organizacional. Sin embargo, se confirma que el género no modera esta última relación.
Se aporta a la literatura existente y se plantean aplicaciones prácticas para el co
The current context in Peru presents a strong dependence on economic sectors that impact the environment, so the lack of sustainability in entrepreneurship aggravates environmental degradation and limits sustainable development. Despite being one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the world, the country faces the challenge of balancing economic growth with the preservation of ecosystems and social welfare. The motivation of this study lies in understanding how the traits of decision makers in Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) can contribute to orienting these enterprises towards more sustainable practices, through a dynamic capability of recent interest in the literature called Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO), which is essential for long-term sustainability and to generate a positive impact on the Peruvian economy and society. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the generic traits, explored in the entrepreneurial context, of the decision-maker on SEO and the effect of SEO on organizational performance, with gender as a moderator of this latter relationship. For this purpose, a quantitative research approach was used, with explanatory scope and nonexperimental design. The population and sample were represented by 121 MSES with reports according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards in Peru. The proposed model was evaluated using questionnaires and the application of the least squares structural equations technique (PLS-SEM). It was found that, of the entrepreneurial traits of the decision maker, explicit power motives, consciousness, emotion regulation, entrepreneurial resilience, and self-efficacy encourage the emergence of SEO, as a precursor of sustainable entrepreneurship. Moreover, a significant correlation between SEO and organizational performance was found. Nevertheless, it is confirmed that gender does not moderate the previous relationship. Contributions to existing literature are obtained and practical applications are proposed for the Peruvian context, which shows high levels of involvement in entrepreneurship.
The current context in Peru presents a strong dependence on economic sectors that impact the environment, so the lack of sustainability in entrepreneurship aggravates environmental degradation and limits sustainable development. Despite being one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the world, the country faces the challenge of balancing economic growth with the preservation of ecosystems and social welfare. The motivation of this study lies in understanding how the traits of decision makers in Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) can contribute to orienting these enterprises towards more sustainable practices, through a dynamic capability of recent interest in the literature called Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO), which is essential for long-term sustainability and to generate a positive impact on the Peruvian economy and society. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the generic traits, explored in the entrepreneurial context, of the decision-maker on SEO and the effect of SEO on organizational performance, with gender as a moderator of this latter relationship. For this purpose, a quantitative research approach was used, with explanatory scope and nonexperimental design. The population and sample were represented by 121 MSES with reports according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards in Peru. The proposed model was evaluated using questionnaires and the application of the least squares structural equations technique (PLS-SEM). It was found that, of the entrepreneurial traits of the decision maker, explicit power motives, consciousness, emotion regulation, entrepreneurial resilience, and self-efficacy encourage the emergence of SEO, as a precursor of sustainable entrepreneurship. Moreover, a significant correlation between SEO and organizational performance was found. Nevertheless, it is confirmed that gender does not moderate the previous relationship. Contributions to existing literature are obtained and practical applications are proposed for the Peruvian context, which shows high levels of involvement in entrepreneurship.
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Emprendimiento (Administración)--Perú, Pequeñas empresas--Planificación, Identidad de género--Perú, Planificación estratégica--Perú
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