Problemas en la redacción e interpretación de los testamentos por escrituras públicas en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En la presente investigación se abordó un problema que se evidencia en las
instancias registrales cuando se pretende inscribir la ampliación de un testamento por
escritura pública en este caso de las personas analfabetas, donde por problemas de
redacción en el instrumento público el registro viene observando y en todo caso
impidiendo que se inscriba dicho acto jurídico, lo cual constituye un obstáculo para la
publicidad y seguridad jurídica sobre la transmisión de los bienes del causante a los
herederos. El mayor problema identificado tiene que ver con la interpretación que se le
da al acto jurídico el cual debe darse de manera integral donde se busque la conservación
del acto y por ende la voluntad del testador al momento de efectuar o constituir el
testamento. De tal forma que si existiese una cláusula ambigua o contradictoria debe ser
interpretada de acuerdo al objetivo final, puesto que la idea de realizar un acto jurídico es
que este produzca sus efectos, no pudiendo limitar la eficacia del testamento por escritura
pública por errores de redacción cometidas por el notario. De esta manera se propiciará
la inscripción de los testamentos por escritura púbica dentro del registro permitiendo que
las personas gocen de los efectos que genera estos como son la oponibilidad y publicidad
necesarios para tener un sistema donde prime la seguridad jurídica.
In the present investigation, a problem was addressed that is evident in the registry instances when an attempt is made to register the extension of a will by public deed, in this case of illiterate people, where due to drafting problems in the public instrument the registry has been observing and in in any case preventing the registration of said legal act, which constitutes an obstacle to publicity and legal certainty regarding the transmission of the assets of the deceased to the heirs. The biggest problem identified has to do with the interpretation given to the legal act, which must be given in a comprehensive manner where the conservation of the act and therefore the will of the testator is sought at the time of making or constituting the will. In such a way that if there is an ambiguous or contradictory clause, it must be interpreted according to the final objective, since the idea of carrying out a legal act is for it to produce its effects, and the effectiveness of the will cannot be limited by public deed due to drafting errors. committed by the notary. In this way, the registration of wills by public deed within the registry will be promoted, allowing people to enjoy the effects generated by these, such as the enforceability and publicity necessary to have a system where legal security prevails.
In the present investigation, a problem was addressed that is evident in the registry instances when an attempt is made to register the extension of a will by public deed, in this case of illiterate people, where due to drafting problems in the public instrument the registry has been observing and in in any case preventing the registration of said legal act, which constitutes an obstacle to publicity and legal certainty regarding the transmission of the assets of the deceased to the heirs. The biggest problem identified has to do with the interpretation given to the legal act, which must be given in a comprehensive manner where the conservation of the act and therefore the will of the testator is sought at the time of making or constituting the will. In such a way that if there is an ambiguous or contradictory clause, it must be interpreted according to the final objective, since the idea of carrying out a legal act is for it to produce its effects, and the effectiveness of the will cannot be limited by public deed due to drafting errors. committed by the notary. In this way, the registration of wills by public deed within the registry will be promoted, allowing people to enjoy the effects generated by these, such as the enforceability and publicity necessary to have a system where legal security prevails.
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Testamentos--Interpretación, Derecho sucesorio--Legislación--Perú, Negocio jurídico--Perú, Escrituras públicas--Perú
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