Estudio de caso de una niña de 11 años con dificultad en los procesos léxicos y sintácticos de la lectura y proceso léxicoortográfico de la escritura
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Date
2022-05-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Al inicio de la escolaridad, el niño desarrolla progresivamente habilidades básicas que sientan las bases para
la adquisición de otros aprendizajes que respondan a las exigencias del grado académico. Con observación
atenta y continua, desde las primeras etapas de la vida escolar, el profesor puede ser capaz de detectar
algunos indicadores de riesgo que de mantenerse y no ser atendidos supongan para el alumno dificultades
en la lectura, escritura y/o matemática, y según su gravedad podrían afectar diversas áreas de su vida. El
caso en mención cursa el quinto grado de primaria, presenta lectura lenta e imprecisa; además, dificultades
en la expresión escrita. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un plan valorativo y de
intervención acorde con las dificultades del estudiante. En el proceso de intervención en la lectura, las
evidencias demuestran que al trabajar los procesos léxicos, a través de las rutas visual y fonológica mejora la
precisión y velocidad en la lectura de textos, y junto a los procesos sintácticos, en el uso de signos de
puntuación, mejora la entonación al leer, lo que permite una lectura fluida. En cuanto a la escritura, al
desarrollar la ortografía fonética, reglada y arbitraria de los procesos léxicos ortográficos, mejora la calidad
del lenguaje escrito.
At the beginning of schooling, the child progressively develops basic skills that lay the foundations for the acquisition of other learning that responds to the demands of the academic degree. With careful and continuous observation, from the first stages of school life, the teacher may be able to detect some risk indicators that, if maintained and not attended to, pose difficulties for the student in reading, writing and / or mathematics, and depending on its severity could affect various areas of your life. The case in question is in the fifth grade of primary school, presents slow and imprecise reading; in addition, difficulties in written expression. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the student's difficulties. In the process of intervention in reading, the evidence shows that by working on the lexical processes, through the visual and phonological routes, the precision and speed in the reading of texts improves, and together with the syntactic processes, in the use of signs. punctuation, improves intonation when reading, allowing fluent reading. As for writing, by developing the phonetic, regulated and arbitrary spelling of the orthographic lexical processes, the quality of written language improves.
At the beginning of schooling, the child progressively develops basic skills that lay the foundations for the acquisition of other learning that responds to the demands of the academic degree. With careful and continuous observation, from the first stages of school life, the teacher may be able to detect some risk indicators that, if maintained and not attended to, pose difficulties for the student in reading, writing and / or mathematics, and depending on its severity could affect various areas of your life. The case in question is in the fifth grade of primary school, presents slow and imprecise reading; in addition, difficulties in written expression. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the student's difficulties. In the process of intervention in reading, the evidence shows that by working on the lexical processes, through the visual and phonological routes, the precision and speed in the reading of texts improves, and together with the syntactic processes, in the use of signs. punctuation, improves intonation when reading, allowing fluent reading. As for writing, by developing the phonetic, regulated and arbitrary spelling of the orthographic lexical processes, the quality of written language improves.
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Keywords
Niños--Lenguaje, Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación), Lectura--Dificultades