Ejecución inmediata de las sanciones administrativas disciplinarias en la Ley de Servicio Civil: Alcances, conflictos con la presunción de inocencia y lineamientos para una aplicación garantista
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La investigación analiza la problemática generada por la ejecución inmediata de
las sanciones administrativas disciplinarias en el marco de la Ley N° 30057, y su
conflicto con el principio constitucional de presunción de inocencia. En la Sección
1, se aborda el marco jurídico y garantista del procedimiento disciplinario,
centrado en la presunción de inocencia, la presunción de licitud, las medidas
preventivas y los efectos laborales de las sanciones. Se evidencia que la
ejecución inmediata de sanciones como la suspensión o la destitución, aun con
recursos impugnatorios, vulnera derechos fundamentales como el trabajo, la
remuneración y el honor del servidor civil. La Sección 2 desarrolla un análisis
constitucional, doctrinario y jurisprudencial, destacando los criterios del Tribunal
Constitucional, del Tribunal del Servicio Civil y de la Corte Interamericana de
Derechos Humanos, que reconocen la plena aplicabilidad de la presunción de
inocencia en el ámbito administrativo sancionador. Asimismo, se examinan
casos emblemáticos que reflejan el impacto negativo de la ejecución inmediata
sobre la reputación y estabilidad de los servidores públicos. Finalmente, la
Sección 3 presenta un análisis normativo, jurisprudencial y de derecho
comparado sobre la ejecución y suspensión de las sanciones disciplinarias,
proponiendo lineamientos garantistas para la protección de los derechos
fundamentales. En anexos, se presenta una ´propuesta de modificación
normativa a la Ley N° 30057 y su reglamento, orientada a suspender la ejecución
inmediata de sanciones hasta la firmeza de la resolución administrativa,
asegurando que la potestad sancionadora se desarrolle dentro de los límites del
Estado Constitucional de Derecho.
This research analyzes the issue arising from the immediate enforcement of disciplinary administrative sanctions under Law No. 30057, the Civil Service Law, and its conflict with the constitutional principle of the presumption of innocence. Section 1 addresses the legal and protective framework of the disciplinary procedure, focusing on the presumption of innocence, the presumption of legality, preventive measures, and the labor effects of sanctions. It is shown that the immediate enforcement of sanctions such as suspension or dismissal, even when appeals are pending, violates fundamental rights such as work, remuneration, and the honor of the civil servant. Section 2 develops a constitutional, doctrinal, and jurisprudential analysis, highlighting the criteria of the Constitutional Court, the Civil Service Tribunal, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which recognize the full applicability of the presumption of innocence in the administrative sanctioning sphere. Likewise, emblematic cases are examined that reflect the negative impact of immediate enforcement on the reputation and stability of public servants. Finally, Section 3 presents a normative, jurisprudential, and comparative law analysis on the enforcement and suspension of disciplinary sanctions, proposing guarantee-based guidelines for the protection of fundamental rights. The Annexes include a proposal for normative reform to Law No. 30057 and its regulations, aimed at suspending the immediate enforcement of sanctions until the decision becomes final, ensuring that the State’s sanctioning power operates within the limits of the Constitutional Rule of Law.
This research analyzes the issue arising from the immediate enforcement of disciplinary administrative sanctions under Law No. 30057, the Civil Service Law, and its conflict with the constitutional principle of the presumption of innocence. Section 1 addresses the legal and protective framework of the disciplinary procedure, focusing on the presumption of innocence, the presumption of legality, preventive measures, and the labor effects of sanctions. It is shown that the immediate enforcement of sanctions such as suspension or dismissal, even when appeals are pending, violates fundamental rights such as work, remuneration, and the honor of the civil servant. Section 2 develops a constitutional, doctrinal, and jurisprudential analysis, highlighting the criteria of the Constitutional Court, the Civil Service Tribunal, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which recognize the full applicability of the presumption of innocence in the administrative sanctioning sphere. Likewise, emblematic cases are examined that reflect the negative impact of immediate enforcement on the reputation and stability of public servants. Finally, Section 3 presents a normative, jurisprudential, and comparative law analysis on the enforcement and suspension of disciplinary sanctions, proposing guarantee-based guidelines for the protection of fundamental rights. The Annexes include a proposal for normative reform to Law No. 30057 and its regulations, aimed at suspending the immediate enforcement of sanctions until the decision becomes final, ensuring that the State’s sanctioning power operates within the limits of the Constitutional Rule of Law.
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Servicio civil, Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Responsabilidad administrativa--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
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