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Item Emotional Competencies and Entrepreneurial Intention: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-05) Verdesoto Velástegui, Oswaldo Santiago; Chión Chacón, Sergio JulioThis study analyzed the relationship between emotional competencies and entrepreneurial intention in final-year undergraduate students of public higher education institutions in Ecuador, supported by an extended model of Ajzen's Theory of planned behavior (1991). The results were derived from a questionnaire applied to students in the last semester of degrees involving academic business training. To analyze the results, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. The findings show that emotional competencies are significant factors in the configuration of entrepreneurial intentions and have a direct and positive relationship with their cognitive precursors: entrepreneurial attitude and self-efficacy. It is suggested that students with a higher degree of emotional competencies cope better with the cognitive bias that can make it difficult to recognize business opportunities. The main contribution of this study was to generalize the results that have been obtained in the use of emotional competencies to promote the intentionality of entrepreneurship in the contexts of emerging economies.Item The Effect of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors and Work-family Culture on Turnover Intention and Work-family Conflict(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-07-21) Campos García, Angela Ximena; Guevara Moncada, Rubén; Idrovo Carlier, Sandra MonserratResearch on the work-family interface coming from different countries has certainly grown in the last years. Although still scarce, data from Latin American countries on workfamily issues is now available (Idrgovo Carlier et al., 2012; Idrovo & Bosch, 2019; Las Heras et al., 2015; Pecino et al., 2018). However, research from those countries, has focused on the work-family interface in firms and organizations mainly from the private sector. The purpose of this research was to look into the work-life interface of professionals in a demanding and high-risk occupation in a public service organization in the security sector. Specifically, it focuses on the interaction between supervisor behaviors and culture with turnover intention and work-family conflict. The present study centers on data from a public security organization (3861) in a Latin American country. The validity of the measuring instruments was evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was then applied to evaluate the relationship between variables. Results show a statistically significant negative impact of the supervisor behaviors in organizational (turnover intention) and individual outcomes (work-to-family conflict). At the same time organizational culture negatively affects turnover intentions and work-to-family conflict. While confirming results coming from the private sector in other countries, the importance of supervisor and culture proves implications for work and family practices in this type of organizations.Item Process Evolution of Women as Senior Executives and Influential Business Leaders in Peru: a Grounded Theory Approach(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-06-16) Portugal Manrique, Rocío Margot; Guevara Moncada, RubénThe purpose of this qualitative, grounded theory study was to understand why so few women have achieved CEO positions or similar high positions in large companies in Peru. Although a small number of women, about 12% in the executive committees and 17% on corporate boards, have achieved high or executive positions worldwide (McKinsey, 2019), those women who have achieved top senior leadership position are a phenomenon that deserves to be studied in order to understand the process involved. In this study, conducted using a grounded theory approach, 18 executives with the position of CEO, board member or senior partner in a large company in Peru were interviewed in depth. The interviews were semi-structured, and the data was analyzed using the constant comparative method suggested by Strauss & Corbin (1990) and supported by MAXQDA software for qualitative data analysis. The results identified a complex process in the career ascent of these women executives. Fourteen dimensions - endogenous, exogenous and interconnected theoretical categories - emerged in the process. These findings were elevated into a substantive theory called the process of the evolution of women executives into influential business leaders. This study’s findings form a basis that could be used to build upon until a firm theory is developed, which could help understand this phenomenon from within to help managers, and particularly women, to implement policies that give women equal opportunity to men to reach the upper echelon of company management structures.Item Efecto mediador de la evaluación del riesgo en la relación entre la sobrestimación de las posibilidades de éxito y la intención emprendedora en los estudiantes universitarios(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-04-07) Villanueva Herrera, Eduart Humberto; Rivera Camino, Jaime Eduardo; Martins, IzaiasEl propósito de la presente investigación cuantitativa fue determinar la relación del riesgo de sobrestimación de las posibilidades de éxito con la evaluación del riesgo y la intención emprendedora en los estudiantes universitarios. Para probar las hipótesis planteadas se usaron ecuaciones estructurales (structural equation modeling, SEM) proponiendo un modelo que permite observar que algunas variables que se relacionan en la intención emprendedora también tienen repercusión en la evaluación de los riesgos. Este estudio se realizó con la participación de 816 estudiantes de pregrado de Medellín (Colombia) y 362 de Loja (Ecuador), para un total de 1,178 individuos. Los resultados indican que el exceso de confianza, la asunción de riesgos y la capacidad de riesgos se relacionan con la intención emprendedora, al mismo tiempo que el exceso de confianza, el miedo al fracaso, la asunción de riesgos y la capacidad de riesgos se relacionan con la evaluación de riesgos. Estos hallazgos evidenciaron la relación del riesgo de sobrestimación de posibilidades de éxito con la evaluación de riesgos y la intención emprendedora. De igual modo se observó si la evaluación de riesgos era mediadora entre el riesgo de sobrestimación de las posibilidades de éxito con la intención emprendedora, pero los resultados no mostraron una relación significativa. La contribución teórica de la investigación sobre los desarrollos de la intención emprendedora fue la de proponer y probar un modelo que puede ser usado para futuras investigaciones donde se introducen nuevas variables que se relacionan con la intención emprendedora incluyendo el riesgo de sobrestimación de las posibilidades de éxito. Al final se relacionaron las líneas de investigación futuras que dejarán profundizar en los riesgos de la intención emprendedora.Item The Relationship of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Purchase Intention, and Lifestyle in First-generation Bicultural Ethnic Groups(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-04-07) Aguilar Rodríguez, Iliana Elizabeth; Arias Bolzmann, Leopoldo Gabriel IgnacioThis study analyzed the relationship between first-generation Colombian – Canadian bicultural ethnic consumers, their purchase intention, and lifestyles. These common types of consumers were to make purchases depending on the lifestyle, bicultural ethnic group, and the ethnocentric trends that might differ from the country of origin or the host country. There were 158 surveys administered in Toronto, Canada. Structural Equation Modeling was applied, using the Unweighted Least Squares Estimates and Maximum Likelihood Methods. An Exploratory Factor Analysis was run using the principal axis method and Promax rotation after conducting the multivariate normality tests, reliability, and discriminant and convergent validity tests. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis guaranteed an adequate measurement model. The purchase intention was explained as 85.2% for lifestyle factors, such as self-reliance and leadership, nurturing and family orientation, household oriented and industrious, and ethnocentrism in Colombia and Canada. It was found that lifestyle factors were not significantly related to purchase intention. However, ethnocentrism positively impacted Canadian product perceptions and a negative impact on Colombian products. Results showed that lifestyles (activities, interests, and opinions [AIO]) are not always key elements in consumer’s purchase intentions. Bicultural consumer ethnocentric trends are stronger in the host country because consumers in a developing country accept more developed countries. The study supported the theory of social identity (Tajfel, 1982) and optimal distinction (Brewer, 1979), which suggests consumers would have a bias towards the country with which they identify or experience dual or divided loyalties between the country of origin and the host country.Item Assessing the Impact of Corporate Entrepreneurship in the Financial Performance of Subsidiaries of Colombian Business Groups: under Environmental Dynamism Moderation(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-03-24) Rodríguez Peña, Antonio; Marquina Feldman, Percy SamoelCorporate entrepreneurship creates opportunities in employment, technological advances, value creation and cultural transformation for entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurs, governments, economies and societies around the globe. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of corporate entrepreneurship on the financial performance of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups under the moderating effect of the environmental dynamism, since the relationship between these two in emerging economies differs from developed economies. Using a cross-sectional Structural Equation Modeling analysis, this study assessed the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and corporate venturing on the financial performance of 87 subsidiaries of Colombian business groups at different levels of environmental dynamism. This study also confirmed that the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance is context-dependent, and that entrepreneurial orientation has a strong and positive causal relationship with corporate venturing. Additionally, it was observed that subsidiaries of Colombian business groups increase their financial performance when the entrepreneurial orientation does; and decrease the same when corporate venturing does. Furthermore, the results show that environmental dynamism does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups and their performance. This dissertation would contribute to important areas in Latin American businesses, where such studies are scarce.