2. Maestría
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Tesis de la Escuela de Posgrado
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Item A history of the air bridge denial program in Peru: the evolution, errors, and fallout of a covert United States-Peruvian counternarcotics air interdiction program, culminating with the 2001 mistaken shootdown of a missionary plane over the Amazon jungle(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019-11-11) Boswell, John Bentley; Torres Laca, Víctor ManuelDuring the 1990s, the Governments of Peru and the United States established a counternarcotics air interdiction program called Air Bridge Denial over the Peruvian Amazon. During this program the United States Central Intelligence Agency conducted surveillance missions over Peru’s coca growing regions, and passed suspicious aircraft location data to the Peruvian Air Force, who would then intercept the suspected narcotrafficking aircraft and force them to land or be shot down. The program was interrupted in 2001 following the accidental shootdown of a missionary floatplane over Peru, which resulted in the deaths of two United States citizens. This thesis examines the development, operations, and fallout of Air Bridge Denial in Peru, including its patterns of errors, complexities and challenges such as binational interoperability, bilingual communications failures, neglect of mandatory protocols, and poor oversight. In examining the detailed history of Air Bridge Denial, this thesis strives to present lessons learned for the development and implementation of any similar programs in the future. Disclaimer: The views in this paper are strictly those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense, or any of its agencies, nor the Olmsted Foundation. Moreover, all of the government sources used for this thesis are from open source and unclassified public archives, and from sources readily available to the public through open web searches and periodicals, including documents released under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This is in fact an admitted limitation to the study, as there may be additional government information, included classified archives, from both the U.S. and Peru that might provide greater detail and insight. The author does not know this to be a fact or not. The publicly available information at hand may at least help fill gaps in the historical academic record surrounding the program, and open the door for continued study on the topic.Item El comercio ilegal de insumos químicos fiscalizados en la zona del alto Huallaga: un estudio de caso (2012)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018-11-08) Echevarría Cabrejos, César Enrique; Patriau Hildebrandt, César EnriqueEl presente trabajo describe la situación del Acido Sulfúrico como insumo químico fundamental para la elaboración de drogas a base del alcaloide Cocaína en la zona del Valle del Huallaga, comprensión de los departamentos de Huánuco, San Martín y Ucayali durante el 2012. El estudio del caso analiza la modalidad delictiva del uso ilícito de baterías para acopiar el insumo fiscalizado, utilizando la comercialización legal para burlar las labores de fiscalización e interdicción de los funcionarios gubernamentales, por lo cual la implementación de las políticas públicas no cumplían sus objetivos, pero que respecto al presente caso, se resalta la implementación del enfoque “bottom up” para que los actores públicos reviertan la “zona gris” en la que se había convertido la situación real