Física (Dr.)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://98.81.228.127/handle/20.500.12404/6344

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On the fundamental absorption of excitonic and non-excitonic semiconductors: an optoelectronic and thermal approach
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-28) Lizárraga Olivares, Kevin Angello; Guerra Torres, Jorge Andrés
In thepresent work, we study the optical properties of semiconductors near the fundamental absorption taking into account disorder induced tail states. In particular, we pay special attention to GAAs and lead halide perovskites. We address existing models for the description of the absorption spectra, and extend them in the band fluctuations framework. We start with traditional semiconductors where we have developed our models inspired in Jellison-Modine procedure (Tauc-Lorentz model).These models are tested on direct,indirect and amorphous band gap materials such as the ones of the group III −V family. Later, we continue the discussion with the inclusion of the Sommerfeld enhancement factor for understanding the nature of excitonic semiconductors. Here, the Elliott model is modified through the band fluctuations procedure in order to obtain an analytic expression for the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity. This new model accurately describes the band gap and binding energy of systems like GaAs,MAPbBr3, MAPbI3 and MAPbI3−xClx. Furthermore,the impact of the sample temperature on optical parameters such as the band gap can provide information regarding the thermal expansion and th eelectron-phon on interaction in the solid. In particular,if the material exhibits a high electron-phon on coupling,like in the cases of the polar semiconductors, the model describing the exciton can no longer rely on the Hydrogen-like picture, but instead it must be computed with a theory considering exciton-polarons. In the latter case, the exciton is dressed by a cloudofphonons that lower its binding energy. Remarkably, our model for excitonic materials correctly predicts the exciton-polaron binding energies of lead halide perovskites andt heir carrier’s effective massees. Lastly, we emphasize the powerful relation between the optical properties and the thermal properties. Notably, we found a good agreement among our predicted expressions,using the Debye’s model, with other specific heat experimental results.
Optical and luminiscent properties of terbium / ytterbium doped aluminum oxynitride and terbium doped aluminum nitride thin films
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020-08-06) Tucto Salinas, Karem Yoli; Guerra Torres, Jorge Andrés; Grieseler, Rolf
In the present thesis the optical and light emission properties of two systems consisting of Tb3+ and Yb3+ doped amorphous AlOxNy thin ﬁlms and Tb3+ doped polycrystalline AlN thin ﬁlms were analyzed. In the two ions system, to obtain an adequate luminescent emission, commonly a signiﬁcant eﬀort must be made to ﬁnd a suitable concentration of dopants and elemental composition of the host material. An interesting and highly eﬃcient method is a combinatorial approach, allowing a high velocity screening of a wider range of properties. In the present work a combinatorial gradient based thin ﬁlm libraries of amorphous AlOxNy:Yb3+, AlOxNy:Tb3+ and AlOxNy:Tb3+:Yb3+ have been prepared by radio frequency co-sputtering from more than one target. In the prepared libraries, the Tb and Yb concentration range spreads along with the oxygen to nitrogen ratio of the host matrix all over the substrate area. Concentrations ranges for each ion were established for producing high emission intensity samples, along with an analysis of the light emission features of Yb3+ ions with Tb3+ ions as sensitizers for cooperative down conversion process. Using diﬀerent annealing temperatures the activation energy of the rare earth ions and thermal-induced activation mechanisms are evaluated. Here we show that the diﬀerent oxygen to nitrogen ratios in the host composition aﬀect the light emission intensity. According to experimental results, there is a strong enhancement of the Yb3+ related emission intensity over the Tb3+ emission in codoped ﬁlms with Tb:Yb concentration ratios near to 1:2, at 850°C. Thus, suggesting the sensitization of Tb3+ ions through an AlOxNy matrix and the cooperative energy transfer between Tb3+ and Yb3+ ions as the driven mechanism for down conversion process with promising applications in silicon solar cells. At the end of this ﬁrst part, the optimal elemental composition and optimal annealing temperature in the investigated ranges to achieve the highest Yb3+ emission intensity upon sensitization of Tb3+ ions is reported. The second system studied consists of Tb3+ doped AlN layers prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering and analyzed using the conventional one at a time approach. In this work, two types of thermal treatments have been applied: substrate heating during deposition of the ﬁlms and post deposition rapid thermal annealing, with varying temperature from non intentional heating up to 600°C. The composition, morphology and crystalline structure of the ﬁlms under diﬀerent thermal processes and temperatures were investigated along with their optical and light emission properties, with the aim of maximizing the Tb3+ emission intensity. The polycrystalline nature of the ﬁlms was conﬁrmed by X-ray diﬀraction under grazing incidence, and the inﬂuence of substrate temperature on the crystalline structure was reported. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy has revealed the smooth grainy surface quality of the AlN:Tb3+ ﬁlms. The highest Tb3+ photoluminescence emission intensity was achieved in the ﬁlm treated with rapid thermal annealing process. For a more detailed study of the post deposition annealing treatments, temperature was further increased up to 900°C, and the inﬂuence of annealing temperature on the emission properties was investigated by photoluminescence and photoluminescence decay measurements. An increase in the photoluminescence intensity and photoluminescence decay time was observed upon annealing for the main transition of Tb3+ ions at 545 nm, which was attributed to a decrease of non radiative recombination and increase of the population of excited Tb3+ ions upon annealing. Additionally, using the characterized ﬁlms as active layer, direct current and alternate current thin ﬁlm electroluminescence devices were designed and investigated.
Optical characterization and thermal activation of Tb doped amorphous SiC, AlN and SiN thin films
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-08-10) Guerra Torres, Jorge Andrés; Weingärtner, Roland; Winnacker, Albrecht
En la presente tesis se evalúan las propiedades ópticas y las características de emisión de luz de películas delgadas amorfas de AlN, SiN y SiC:H dopadas con Tb. La caracterización óptica se centra en la determinación del ancho de banda, la energía de Urbach y el foco de Urbach a partir de mediciones ópticas. Se desarrolla un modelo, basado en fluctuaciones térmicas de la banda, para describir la absorción fundamental sobrepuesta con las colas de Urbach. Luego, se realiza un análisis de la existencia y significado del foco de Urbach y se contrasta con modelo anterior. Uno de los principales resultados en esta parte es la capacidad del modelo antes mencionado para distinguir las regiones de Urbach y Tauc del coeficiente de absorción. En este caso, películas delgadas de a-SiC:H depositadas en distintas condiciones de dilución de hidrógeno exhibieron un ancho de banda no correlacionado con la energía de Urbach al usar este modelo, en contraste a lo que se observa típicamente después de utilizar el modelo de Tauc. El análisis de características de emisión de luz se centra al proceso de activación térmica que sufren los iones de tierras raras cuando se calientan las muestras. El efecto de la temperatura de recocido, temperatura de la muestra y concentración de tierras raras en la intensidad de la emisión de luz se evalúa bajo fuentes de excitación de fotones y electrones. Se utiliza un modelo de tasa de transiciones para ajustar la intensidad de luz global asociada al Tb en películas delgadas de a-SiC:H:Tb3+ frente a la concentración de Tb después de diferentes temperaturas de recocido. Se recupera una energía de activación asociada a la activación térmica. Finalmente, en el caso de a-SiC: H: Tb3+, se observa una disminución del efecto de enfriamiento de la concentración, lo que sugiere un mecanismo adicional para aumentar la intensidad de emisión de luz relacionada con Tb.