Relación entre propiedad, gobierno y equipo gerencial en la internacionalización de la mediana empresa familiar
Date
2017-11-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El crecimiento de la economía mundial y la globalización de los mercados han
estimulado a las empresas de todo tamaño, estructura de propiedad y sector empresarial a dar
una respuesta estratégica expandiendo sus operaciones en mercados externos, como un
mecanismo de crecimiento y supervivencia de largo plazo. La empresa familiar constituye un
tópico de investigación relativamente nuevo y la literatura destaca la necesidad de estudiar el
papel de la familia en su internacionalización, mismo que en gran medida no ha sido
considerado, constituyendo un área de creciente interés.
La empresa familiar tradicionalmente ha sido catalogada como adversa al riesgo,
orientada a su mercado doméstico y menos proclive a desarrollar mercados externos, donde el
carácter familiar de la empresa es desafiado por la internacionalización. La literatura afirma
que investigaciones sobre los factores causales de la internacionalización de la empresa
familiar son insuficientes. Basado en esta necesidad de estudio, se planteó la pregunta
principal de investigación y las preguntas secundarias, siendo éstas la base para formular las
hipótesis que se establecieron en el marco teórico. La revisión de la literatura permitió
comprender cada uno de los factores que corresponden al estudio y las variables que los
miden, logrando concluir sobre su posible relación.
Para analizar el problema de investigación, el presente trabajo transversal exploró la
relación entre propiedad, gobierno y equipo gerencial como factores que describen la
iniciativa empresarial internacional de la mediana empresa familiar, analizando los aspectos
relacionados a la cultura organizacional de la empresa familiar que influyen en la
internacionalización. Se usó la encuesta como herramienta de recolección de datos,
lográndose un total de 117 casos válidos correspondientes a medianas empresas familiares
ecuatorianas de los sectores florícola y agro industrial. Para probar las relaciones propuestas
se usó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM)
basado en varianza.
Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran, tal como fuera propuesto, una influencia
negativa en la internacionalización, cuando la orientación a la administración trabaja
acoplada con la cultura de compromiso familiar. La orientación a la administración acoplada
con la flexibilidad estratégica del equipo gerencial muestra un impacto positivo en la
internacionalización. La orientación a la administración presentó una relación negativa con la
experiencia en la industria del equipo gerencial, obteniéndose un resultado contrario a lo
propuesto y la experiencia en la industria del equipo gerencial mostró una relación positiva
con el grado de internacionalización.
El presente estudio busca contribuir al conocimiento de la empresa familiar y los
aspectos de la cultura organizacional que influyen en su internacionalización, comprender los
factores que la determinan y pueden describirla, aportando a la literatura de gestión
estratégica y de manera específica a la teoría basada en recursos. Se desarrolló en el Ecuador,
donde no se han identificado estudios de esta naturaleza, por lo que se busca contribuir con
evidencia empírica al conocimiento de la empresa familiar, ayudando a crear capacidades en
las mismas, que incrementen sus probabilidades de crecimiento, supervivencia y continuidad.
Finalmente, este estudio contribuye tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como práctico,
siendo relevantes los hallazgos para propietarios, administradores, consultores y académicos
que tienen actividad profesional o estudian la empresa familiar, su internacionalización y los
factores que la motivan
The growth of the global economy and the globalization of markets have stimulated companies of every size, ownership structure and business sector to make a strategic response by expanding their operations in foreign markets as a mechanism of growth and long-term survival. The family business constitutes a relatively new research topic and the literature emphasizes the need to study the role of the family in its internationalization, which has not been widely considered, constituting an area of growing interest. The family business traditionally has been classified as adverse to risk, oriented to its domestic market and less prone to develop external markets, where the family character of the company is challenged by internationalization. The written documentation affirms that research on the causal factors of the internationalization of the family business is insufficient. Based on this study need, the main research question and the secondary questions were raised, being these questions the basis for formulating the hypotheses that were established in the theoretical framework. The review of the literature allowed to understand each of the factors that correspond to the study and the variables that measure them, managing to conclude about their possible relation. In order to analyze the research problem, this cross-sectional study explored the relationship between ownership, government and management team as factors that describe the international business initiative of the median family business, analyzing aspects related to the organizational culture of the family business that influence the internationalization. The survey was used as a data collection tool, achieving a total of 117 valid cases corresponding to Ecuadorian family business enterprises in the floricultural and agro industrial sectors. To test the proposed relationships, a model of partial least squares (PLS-SEM) structural equations was used based on variance. The findings of this study show, as proposed, a negative influence on internationalization, when the orientation to the administration works coupled with the culture of family commitment. The management orientation coupled with the strategic flexibility of the management team shows a positive impact on internationalization. The management orientation presented a negative relation with the experience in the management team industry, obtaining an opposite result to the proposed one and the experience in the industry of the management team showed a positive relation with the degree of internationalization. This study seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the family business and the aspects of the organizational culture that influence its internationalization, to understand the factors that determine it and can describe it, contributing to the literature of strategic management and specifically to the theory based on means. It was developed in Ecuador, where no studies of this nature have been identified, so it is sought to contribute empirical evidence to the knowledge of the family business, helping to create capacities in them, increasing their chances of growth, survival and continuity. Finally, this study contributes from a theoretical and practical point of view, being relevant the findings for owners, administrators, consultants and academics who have professional activity or study the family business, its internationalization and the factors that motivate it
The growth of the global economy and the globalization of markets have stimulated companies of every size, ownership structure and business sector to make a strategic response by expanding their operations in foreign markets as a mechanism of growth and long-term survival. The family business constitutes a relatively new research topic and the literature emphasizes the need to study the role of the family in its internationalization, which has not been widely considered, constituting an area of growing interest. The family business traditionally has been classified as adverse to risk, oriented to its domestic market and less prone to develop external markets, where the family character of the company is challenged by internationalization. The written documentation affirms that research on the causal factors of the internationalization of the family business is insufficient. Based on this study need, the main research question and the secondary questions were raised, being these questions the basis for formulating the hypotheses that were established in the theoretical framework. The review of the literature allowed to understand each of the factors that correspond to the study and the variables that measure them, managing to conclude about their possible relation. In order to analyze the research problem, this cross-sectional study explored the relationship between ownership, government and management team as factors that describe the international business initiative of the median family business, analyzing aspects related to the organizational culture of the family business that influence the internationalization. The survey was used as a data collection tool, achieving a total of 117 valid cases corresponding to Ecuadorian family business enterprises in the floricultural and agro industrial sectors. To test the proposed relationships, a model of partial least squares (PLS-SEM) structural equations was used based on variance. The findings of this study show, as proposed, a negative influence on internationalization, when the orientation to the administration works coupled with the culture of family commitment. The management orientation coupled with the strategic flexibility of the management team shows a positive impact on internationalization. The management orientation presented a negative relation with the experience in the management team industry, obtaining an opposite result to the proposed one and the experience in the industry of the management team showed a positive relation with the degree of internationalization. This study seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the family business and the aspects of the organizational culture that influence its internationalization, to understand the factors that determine it and can describe it, contributing to the literature of strategic management and specifically to the theory based on means. It was developed in Ecuador, where no studies of this nature have been identified, so it is sought to contribute empirical evidence to the knowledge of the family business, helping to create capacities in them, increasing their chances of growth, survival and continuity. Finally, this study contributes from a theoretical and practical point of view, being relevant the findings for owners, administrators, consultants and academics who have professional activity or study the family business, its internationalization and the factors that motivate it
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Keywords
Empresas familiares -- Ecuador, Pequeñas empresas -- Ecuador, Gobierno corporativo, Cultura organizacional, Investigación cuantitativa
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