Situación de Negocios: Barreras que limitan el desarrollo e implementación de biodigestores en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las barreras económicas,
tecnológicas, regulatorias y sociocultural que limitan el desarrollo e implementación de
biodigestores en el Perú, con el propósito de proponer lineamientos que favorezcan su
adopción como alternativa sostenible de generación de energía renovable.
Los biodigestores constituyen una tecnología estratégica para transformar residuos orgánicos
en biogás, contribuyendo tanto a la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
como a la valorización de residuos orgánicos. A pesar de su potencial, la producción de
energía renovable en el país continúa siendo limitada; en 2024, solo el 8,5 % de la generación
energética nacional provino de fuentes solares y eólicas, y la industria de biogás mantiene un
desarrollo incipiente y fragmentado.
Entre las barreras identificadas, las económicas comprenden los elevados costos de
inversión y operación, que varían en promedio entre USD 700 y USD 100,000 según la
escala del proyecto de biodigestores, así como el acceso limitado a financiamiento y la baja
percepción de rentabilidad. En el ámbito tecnológico se evidencian la escasez de personal
especializado, dependencia de tecnología importada, complejidad operativa y limitada
innovación local. Las barreras regulatorias comprenden vacíos normativos, incentivos
insuficientes y débil articulación política. Mientras que las socioculturales se relacionan con
desconocimiento, percepción de riesgo y hábitos tradicionales en la gestión de residuos y el
uso de energía.
Como estrategias para superar estas limitaciones, se propone la implementación de
créditos verdes, subsidios, modelos de colaboración público-privada, programas de
capacitación y certificación, regulación específica e incentivos fiscales, así como la
promoción de educación ambiental y participación comunitaria.
The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the economic, technological, regulatory, and sociocultural barriers that limit the development and implementation of biodigesters in Peru, with the aim of proposing guidelines that favor their adoption as a sustainable alternative for renewable energy generation. Biodigesters are a strategic technology for transforming organic waste into biogas, contributing both to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the recovery of organic waste. Despite their potential, renewable energy production in the country remains limited; in 2024, only 8.5% of national energy generation came from solar and wind sources, and the biogas industry remains in its infancy and fragmented. Among the barriers identified, economic barriers include high investment and operating costs, which vary on average between USD 700 and USD 100,000 depending on the scale of the biodigester project, as well as limited access to financing and low perceived profitability. In the technological sphere, there is a shortage of specialized personnel, dependence on imported technology, operational complexity, and limited local innovation. Regulatory barriers include regulatory gaps, insufficient incentives, and weak policy coordination. Sociocultural barriers are related to lack of knowledge, perception of risk, and traditional habits in waste management and energy use. Strategies to overcome these limitations include the implementation of green credits, subsidies, public-private partnership models, training and certification programs, specific regulations, and tax incentives, as well as the promotion of environmental education and community participation.
The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the economic, technological, regulatory, and sociocultural barriers that limit the development and implementation of biodigesters in Peru, with the aim of proposing guidelines that favor their adoption as a sustainable alternative for renewable energy generation. Biodigesters are a strategic technology for transforming organic waste into biogas, contributing both to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the recovery of organic waste. Despite their potential, renewable energy production in the country remains limited; in 2024, only 8.5% of national energy generation came from solar and wind sources, and the biogas industry remains in its infancy and fragmented. Among the barriers identified, economic barriers include high investment and operating costs, which vary on average between USD 700 and USD 100,000 depending on the scale of the biodigester project, as well as limited access to financing and low perceived profitability. In the technological sphere, there is a shortage of specialized personnel, dependence on imported technology, operational complexity, and limited local innovation. Regulatory barriers include regulatory gaps, insufficient incentives, and weak policy coordination. Sociocultural barriers are related to lack of knowledge, perception of risk, and traditional habits in waste management and energy use. Strategies to overcome these limitations include the implementation of green credits, subsidies, public-private partnership models, training and certification programs, specific regulations, and tax incentives, as well as the promotion of environmental education and community participation.
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Residuos--Aprovechamiento, Biodigestores, Biogas
Citación
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Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
