Síntesis y caracterización de hidrogeles a partir de N,N-dimetilacrilamida y telequélicos de 2-oxazolinas y su aplicación en la adsorción de cristal violeta
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En esta tesis se sintetizaron hidrogeles basados en N,N-dimetilacrilamida y telequélicos de
2-oxazolina a través de la polimerización por radicales libres, utilizando el persulfato de
potasio y la N,N,N',N'-tetrametilendiamina como sistema iniciador.
Se sintetizó dos series de hidrogeles usando dos telequélicos (MK-32 y MK-10) de 2-
oxazolinas funcionalizados con grupos vinilos en los extremos y grupos éster en la cadena
polimérica. Los grupos éster en la estructura de los hidrogeles fueron sometidos a hidrólisis,
para obtener grupos carboxilato y ácido carboxílico. Se estudió la influencia de la proporción
inicial de los monómeros y la estructura de los telequélicos en las propiedades de los
hidrogeles. Se caracterizaron los hidrogeles por sus estructuras mediante espectroscopía
infrarroja, rendimiento de la síntesis, capacidad de absorción de agua, estabilidad térmica
mediante análisis termogravimétrico y morfología analizada por microscopía electrónica de
barrido. Se determinó que los hidrogeles sintetizados con el telequélico MK-10 tienen mejor
capacidad de absorción de agua que los hidrogeles sintetizados con el telequélico MK-32.
Debido a los grupos carboxilato, los hidrogeles hidrolizados son sensibles al cambio de pH
del medio acuoso, contrayéndose a valores de pH menores a 6 y expandiéndose a valores
de pH mayores a 6. En adición, los grupos carboxilatos mejoraron la absorción de agua
respecto a los hidrogeles originales. Los hidrogeles fueron utilizados como adsorbentes para
la remoción del pigmento cristal violeta en solución acuosa. A temperatura ambiente, con un
pH constante y en condiciones estáticas, se evaluaron los efectos de la concentración de
violeta de cristal en la solución, el volumen de la solución y el tiempo de contacto. Los
hidrogeles hidrolizados que contienen grupos carboxilatos adsorben con mayor eficiencia el
pigmento cristal violeta en comparación con los hidrogeles no hidrolizados. Los resultados
experimentales correspondientes a la adsorción del pigmento cristal violeta por los hidrogeles
se ajustaron al modelo cinético de adsorción de pseudo segundo orden, y a la isoterma de
Freundlich.
In this thesis, hydrogels based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide and 2-oxazoline telechelics were synthesized via free radical polymerization, with potassium persulfate and N,N,N',N'- tetramethylenediamine as initiator system. Two series of hydrogels were synthesized using two 2-oxazoline telechelics (MK-32 and MK- 10) functionalized with vinyl groups at the end of the chains and ester groups in the polymeric chains. The ester groups present within the structure of the hydrogels were hydrolyzed to form carboxylate groups and carboxylic acid groups. The influence of the initial ratio of monomers and the structure of the telechelics on the properties of the hydrogels were studied. The hydrogels were characterized by structures via infrared spectroscopy, synthesis yield, water absorption capacity, thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, and morphology via scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the hydrogels synthesized with the MK-10 telechelic had better degree of water absorption than the hydrogels synthesized with the MK-32 telechelic. Due to the carboxylate groups, hydrolyzed hydrogels are sensitive to changes in the pH of the aqueous medium, contracting at pH values below 6 and expanding at pH values above 6. In addition, the carboxylate groups improved the degree of water absorption compared to non-hydrolyzed hydrogels. The hydrogels were used as adsorbents for the removal of crystal violet dye in aqueous solution. At room temperature, under constant pH and static conditions, the effects of crystal violet concentration in solution, solution volume, and contact time were studied. Hydrolyzed hydrogels containing carboxylate groups adsorb crystal violet dye more efficiently than non-hydrolyzed hydrogels. The experimental data of adsorption process of crystal violet dye by the hydrogels were fit by a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
In this thesis, hydrogels based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide and 2-oxazoline telechelics were synthesized via free radical polymerization, with potassium persulfate and N,N,N',N'- tetramethylenediamine as initiator system. Two series of hydrogels were synthesized using two 2-oxazoline telechelics (MK-32 and MK- 10) functionalized with vinyl groups at the end of the chains and ester groups in the polymeric chains. The ester groups present within the structure of the hydrogels were hydrolyzed to form carboxylate groups and carboxylic acid groups. The influence of the initial ratio of monomers and the structure of the telechelics on the properties of the hydrogels were studied. The hydrogels were characterized by structures via infrared spectroscopy, synthesis yield, water absorption capacity, thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, and morphology via scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the hydrogels synthesized with the MK-10 telechelic had better degree of water absorption than the hydrogels synthesized with the MK-32 telechelic. Due to the carboxylate groups, hydrolyzed hydrogels are sensitive to changes in the pH of the aqueous medium, contracting at pH values below 6 and expanding at pH values above 6. In addition, the carboxylate groups improved the degree of water absorption compared to non-hydrolyzed hydrogels. The hydrogels were used as adsorbents for the removal of crystal violet dye in aqueous solution. At room temperature, under constant pH and static conditions, the effects of crystal violet concentration in solution, solution volume, and contact time were studied. Hydrolyzed hydrogels containing carboxylate groups adsorb crystal violet dye more efficiently than non-hydrolyzed hydrogels. The experimental data of adsorption process of crystal violet dye by the hydrogels were fit by a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
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Hidrogeles, Polímeros telequélicos, Compuestos heterocíclicos, Violeta de genciana
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