Vulnerabilidad sísmica de viviendas autoconstruidas en la ciudad de Arequipa
Fecha
2025
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la vulnerabilidad sísmica de
viviendas autoconstruidas e identificar los sistemas constructivos predominantes en la ciudad
de Arequipa. La investigación se desarrolló mediante la aplicación de fichas de encuesta y
reporte elaboradas por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y SENCICO, que
permitieron sistematizar información de campo y evaluar aspectos técnicos como densidad
de muros, estabilidad de tabiques, calidad de materiales, mano de obra y condiciones del
entorno.
El estudio se centró en viviendas de albañilería de uno o más pisos, construidas con
ladrillo de arcilla o bloques de sillar. Se evaluaron 40 edificaciones entre 2004 y 2005, y se
clasificó su vulnerabilidad sísmica en tres niveles: baja, media y alta. Los resultados
mostraron que el 60 % de las viviendas presentó vulnerabilidad alta, el 17,5 % vulnerabilidad
media y el 22,5 % vulnerabilidad baja. Estos hallazgos evidenciaron que gran parte del parque
habitacional autoconstruido en Arequipa no cumplía con la normativa sísmica del Perú, lo cual
incrementaba su susceptibilidad a sufrir daños significativos ante un sismo.
La investigación aportó insumos para el diseño de una cartilla con recomendaciones
técnicas destinadas a la construcción de viviendas de albañilería confinada, con el fin de
difundir buenas prácticas constructivas y mejorar la seguridad estructural de las viviendas
informales. Asimismo, los resultados mostraron coherencia con investigaciones posteriores
realizadas en otras ciudades del país, lo que destacó la necesidad de políticas públicas
orientadas a atender la autoconstrucción y reducir la vulnerabilidad sísmica en el Perú.
This study aimed to determine the seismic vulnerability of self-built dwellings and to identify the predominant construction systems in the city of Arequipa. The research was conducted through the application of survey and report forms developed by the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and SENCICO, which allowed the systematization of field information and the evaluation of technical aspects such as wall density, partition stability, material quality, workmanship, and site conditions. The study focused on masonry dwellings of one or more stories, built with clay brick or sillar blocks. A total of 40 buildings were assessed between 2004 and 2005, and their seismic vulnerability was classified into three levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that 60% of the dwellings presented high vulnerability, 17.5% medium vulnerability, and 22.5% low vulnerability. These findings revealed that a significant portion of the self-built housing stock in Arequipa did not comply with the Peruvian seismic code, which increased its susceptibility to suffer severe damage in the event of an earthquake. The research provided inputs for the design of an informational guide with technical recommendations for the construction of confined masonry dwellings. Its purpose was to disseminate good construction practices and to strengthen the structural safety of informal housing. In addition, the results were consistent with subsequent studies conducted in other Peruvian cities, highlighting the urgent need for public policies aimed at addressing selfconstruction and reducing seismic vulnerability in the country.
This study aimed to determine the seismic vulnerability of self-built dwellings and to identify the predominant construction systems in the city of Arequipa. The research was conducted through the application of survey and report forms developed by the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and SENCICO, which allowed the systematization of field information and the evaluation of technical aspects such as wall density, partition stability, material quality, workmanship, and site conditions. The study focused on masonry dwellings of one or more stories, built with clay brick or sillar blocks. A total of 40 buildings were assessed between 2004 and 2005, and their seismic vulnerability was classified into three levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that 60% of the dwellings presented high vulnerability, 17.5% medium vulnerability, and 22.5% low vulnerability. These findings revealed that a significant portion of the self-built housing stock in Arequipa did not comply with the Peruvian seismic code, which increased its susceptibility to suffer severe damage in the event of an earthquake. The research provided inputs for the design of an informational guide with technical recommendations for the construction of confined masonry dwellings. Its purpose was to disseminate good construction practices and to strengthen the structural safety of informal housing. In addition, the results were consistent with subsequent studies conducted in other Peruvian cities, highlighting the urgent need for public policies aimed at addressing selfconstruction and reducing seismic vulnerability in the country.
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Viviendas autoconstruidas--Efectos sísmicos--Perú--Arequipa, Construcciones de arcilla--Perú--Arequipa, Construcciones de ladrillo--Perú--Arequipa, Construcciones antisísmicas--Perú--Arequipa--Normas
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