Informe jurídico sobre la resolución del Tribunal Fiscal Nro. 04431-9-2024
Fecha
Autores
Carhuayo Ferré, Joaquín Antonio
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
¿Puede un Estado extranjero ser tratado como un simple particular para efectos
tributarios? ¿Qué ocurre cuando financia, a través de sus propias entidades, a
una subsidiaria peruana bajo condiciones que le permiten tributar con una tasa
reducida del 4.99%? Estas interrogantes constituyen el eje del presente informe
jurídico que analiza la Resolución del Tribunal Fiscal Nro. 04431-9-2024, referida
a la retención del Impuesto a la Renta No Domiciliados sobre intereses derivados
de financiamientos otorgados por entidades financieras de propiedad del Estado
de China. El problema jurídico central consiste en determinar si dicho Estado
puede ser calificado como persona jurídica para efectos de las normas de
vinculación previstas en la normativa del Impuesto a la Renta y, en
consecuencia, si corresponde aplicar la tasa de retención del 30% en lugar del
4.99%.
Frente al criterio del Tribunal Fiscal, el informe sostiene una posición contraria,
argumentando que el Estado, cuando actúa a través de sus empresas y
entidades financieras, se comporta como un agente económico equiparable a un
sujeto privado, capaz de maximizar beneficios y optimizar su carga tributaria.
¿Es entonces razonable que la sola naturaleza pública de un actor lo exima de
las reglas que rigen a cualquier otro operador en el mercado? A partir de la
Norma IX del Código Tributario, la aplicación supletoria del artículo 2072 del
Código Civil y pronunciamientos doctrinarios, se concluye que el Estado sí es
susceptible de calificar como persona jurídica para efectos de las normas de
vinculación, resultando aplicable la tasa del 30%.
Can a foreign State be treated as a mere private party for tax purposes? What happens when that State finances, through its own entities, a Peruvian subsidiary under conditions that allow it to be taxed at a reduced rate of 4.99%? These questions lie at the core of this legal report, which analyzes Tax Court Resolution No. 04431-9-2024, concerning the withholding of Non-Domiciled Income Tax on interest arising from financing granted by financial entities owned by the Chinese State. The central legal issue is whether that State may be classified as a juridical person for purposes of the related-party rules set forth in Peruvian income tax law and, consequently, whether the 30% withholding rate should apply instead of the 4.99% rate. Contrary to the criterion adopted by the Tax Court, this report argues the opposite position, contending that the State, when acting through its enterprises and financial entities, behaves as an economic agent comparable to a private party, capable of maximizing profits and optimizing its tax burden. Is it reasonable, then, for an actor's mere public nature to exempt it from the rules governing any other market operator? Drawing on Norm IX of the Preliminary Title of the Tax Code, the supplementary application of Article 2072 of the Civil Code, and various scholarly opinions, this report concludes that the State is indeed susceptible to being classified as a juridical person for purposes of the related-party rules, rendering the 30% rate applicable.
Can a foreign State be treated as a mere private party for tax purposes? What happens when that State finances, through its own entities, a Peruvian subsidiary under conditions that allow it to be taxed at a reduced rate of 4.99%? These questions lie at the core of this legal report, which analyzes Tax Court Resolution No. 04431-9-2024, concerning the withholding of Non-Domiciled Income Tax on interest arising from financing granted by financial entities owned by the Chinese State. The central legal issue is whether that State may be classified as a juridical person for purposes of the related-party rules set forth in Peruvian income tax law and, consequently, whether the 30% withholding rate should apply instead of the 4.99% rate. Contrary to the criterion adopted by the Tax Court, this report argues the opposite position, contending that the State, when acting through its enterprises and financial entities, behaves as an economic agent comparable to a private party, capable of maximizing profits and optimizing its tax burden. Is it reasonable, then, for an actor's mere public nature to exempt it from the rules governing any other market operator? Drawing on Norm IX of the Preliminary Title of the Tax Code, the supplementary application of Article 2072 of the Civil Code, and various scholarly opinions, this report concludes that the State is indeed susceptible to being classified as a juridical person for purposes of the related-party rules, rendering the 30% rate applicable.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Impuesto a la renta--Perú, Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Extranjeros--Impuestos--Perú, Personas jurídicas--Perú
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item.page.review
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