Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución recaída en la Casación No. 10034-2023-Lima
Fecha
2026
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe jurídico analiza la Casación Laboral Nº 10034-2023-Lima, en
la que la Corte Suprema validó el despido de una operaria de producción por
faltas graves de agresión física y quebrantamiento de la buena fe laboral,
tipificadas en los incisos a) y f) del artículo 25 del TUO de la LPCL. El problema
central recae en evaluar si el cese de la trabajadora resulta válido o arbitrario,
puesto que la agresión física contra su compañero de labores se ejecutó en un
contexto de alegación de hostigamiento sexual previo y desatendido por el
empleador. A través del empleo de instrumentos internacionales y normativa
nacional, como el Convenio 190 de la OIT y la CEDAW, la Constitución Política
del Perú, el TUO de la Ley Nº 30364 y la Ley Nº 27942, se examina si la potestad
disciplinaria observó los principios de razonabilidad, proporcionalidad y
especialidad, incorporando el enfoque de género. Las principales conclusiones
demuestran que, si bien el acto violento existió, la sanción máxima deviene en
desproporcionada al ignorar el entorno de violencia de género y el deber de
investigar de oficio las denuncias formuladas por víctimas de hostigamiento
sexual en el entorno laboral. Adicionalmente, al forzarse una tipicidad que no
reviste la gravedad o trascendencia exigible, se configuró un despido fraudulento
por vulneración a la tipicidad.
This legal paper examines Labor Cassation Case No. 10034-2023-Lima, in which the Supreme Court validated the termination of a production worker for serious misconduct involving physical assault and violation of good faith in the workplace, as defined in subsections (a) and (f) of Article 25 of the Consolidated Text of the Law on Labor Productivity and Competitiveness (LPCL). The principal issue is determinate if the worker’s termination was valid or arbitrary, given that the physicall violence against her coworker occurred in the context of an alleged sexual harassment complaint that had been ignored by the employer. By applying international instruments and national legislation, such as ILO Convention No. 190 and CEDAW, the Political Constitution of Peru, the Consolidated Text of Law No. 30364, and Law No. 27942, this study examines whether the disciplinary action complied with the principles of rationality, proportionality, and specificity, while incorporating a gender perspective. The main conclusions show that, although the violent act did occur, the maximum penalty is disproportionate because it ignores the context of gender-based violence and the employer’s duty to investigate complaints made by victims of sexual harassment in the workplace on its own initiative. Furthermore, by forcing an application of the law to a case that does not meet the required level of seriousness or significance, the dismissal constituted a fraudulent dismissal due to a violation of the legal principles.
This legal paper examines Labor Cassation Case No. 10034-2023-Lima, in which the Supreme Court validated the termination of a production worker for serious misconduct involving physical assault and violation of good faith in the workplace, as defined in subsections (a) and (f) of Article 25 of the Consolidated Text of the Law on Labor Productivity and Competitiveness (LPCL). The principal issue is determinate if the worker’s termination was valid or arbitrary, given that the physicall violence against her coworker occurred in the context of an alleged sexual harassment complaint that had been ignored by the employer. By applying international instruments and national legislation, such as ILO Convention No. 190 and CEDAW, the Political Constitution of Peru, the Consolidated Text of Law No. 30364, and Law No. 27942, this study examines whether the disciplinary action complied with the principles of rationality, proportionality, and specificity, while incorporating a gender perspective. The main conclusions show that, although the violent act did occur, the maximum penalty is disproportionate because it ignores the context of gender-based violence and the employer’s duty to investigate complaints made by victims of sexual harassment in the workplace on its own initiative. Furthermore, by forcing an application of the law to a case that does not meet the required level of seriousness or significance, the dismissal constituted a fraudulent dismissal due to a violation of the legal principles.
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Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho procesal laboral--Legislación--Perú, Violencia en el trabajo
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