Informe jurídico sobre la casación laboral Nro. 26541- 2023-Lima Este
Fecha
2026
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente informe jurídico analiza la Casación Laboral Nro. 26541-2023-Lima
Este, la misma que examina la validez de un despido impuesto hacia un
trabajador por actos cometidos fuera del centro y del horario de trabajo contra un
tercero ajeno a la empresa.
El presente estudio evalúa, en primer lugar, la procedencia de una demanda de
reposición por despido fraudulento cuando la causal invocada no encaja
estrictamente en los supuestos desarrollados por el Tribunal Constitucional en el
precedente vinculante STC Nro. 206-2005-PA/TC, caso Baylón Flores, así como
si la extensión jurisprudencial de dicha categoría resulta la vía adecuada de
protección en favor de los trabajadores.
En segundo lugar, se identifican los parámetros que deben considerarse para
determinar cuándo un acto extralaboral puede configurar una falta grave, tales
como el nexo causal con las funciones o cargo desempeñado por el trabajador,
el perjuicio o impacto ocasionado al empleador, la coherencia ética entre la falta
cometida y los valores de la empresa, y el respeto a principios como la
razonabilidad, la proporcionalidad y la tipicidad.
Finalmente, se examina si los hechos ocurridos en el caso pueden configurar
una falta grave conforme los incisos a) y f) del artículo 25 del Texto Único
Ordenado del Decreto Legislativo Nro. 728, aprobado por Decreto Supremo Nro.
003-97-TR, Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral (en adelante,
“LPCL”).
This legal report analyzes Labor Cassation 26541-2023-Lima Este, which examines the validity of a dismissal imposed on an employee for acts committed outside the workplace and outside working hours against a third party unrelated to the company. This study first assesses the admissibility of a reinstatement claim based on fraudulent dismissal when the alleged ground does not strictly fit within the categories developed by the Constitutional Court in the binding precedent STC 206-2005-PA/TC, the Baylón Flores case, as well as whether this jurisprudential extension of the categories constitutes the appropriate means of protection for employees. Secondly, it identifies the parameters the must be considered in determining when an off-duty act may constitute serious misconduct, such as the link with the employee’s duties or position, the harm or impact caused to the employer, the ethical coherence between the misconduct committed and the company’s values, and the adherence to principles such as reasonableness, proportionality, and typicality. Finally, it examines whether the facts of the case may constitute serious misconduct under subsections a) and f) of article 25 of the Consolidated Text of Legislative Decree 728, approved by Supreme Decree 003-97-TR, the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law (hereinafter, “LPCL”).
This legal report analyzes Labor Cassation 26541-2023-Lima Este, which examines the validity of a dismissal imposed on an employee for acts committed outside the workplace and outside working hours against a third party unrelated to the company. This study first assesses the admissibility of a reinstatement claim based on fraudulent dismissal when the alleged ground does not strictly fit within the categories developed by the Constitutional Court in the binding precedent STC 206-2005-PA/TC, the Baylón Flores case, as well as whether this jurisprudential extension of the categories constitutes the appropriate means of protection for employees. Secondly, it identifies the parameters the must be considered in determining when an off-duty act may constitute serious misconduct, such as the link with the employee’s duties or position, the harm or impact caused to the employer, the ethical coherence between the misconduct committed and the company’s values, and the adherence to principles such as reasonableness, proportionality, and typicality. Finally, it examines whether the facts of the case may constitute serious misconduct under subsections a) and f) of article 25 of the Consolidated Text of Legislative Decree 728, approved by Supreme Decree 003-97-TR, the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law (hereinafter, “LPCL”).
Descripción
Palabras clave
Recurso de casación, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Despido de empleados--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derechos fundamentales--Perú