Informe jurídico sobre la resolución N° 2139-2025- SUNARP-TR
Fecha
2026
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente informe jurídico analiza la actuación de los vocales que compusieron
el voto mayoritario del Tribunal Registral en la confirmación de la tacha especial
de un mandato judicial de embargo, desde una perspectiva estrictamente
constitucional, procesal y registral. Concretamente, el informe busca determinar
si la exclusividad operativa del Sistema Informativo de Garantías Mobiliarias
(SIGM) y las directrices técnicas internas de la SUNARP facultan a las instancias
registrales a rechazar de forma automática las órdenes jurisdiccionales físicas
de gravamen.
Para tales fines, se realiza una revisión normativa de rango legal, las directivas
de contingencia de acceso judicial, las reglas de calificación del Pleno V y los
argumentos de la resolución objeto de estudio. En consideración de lo anterior,
se concluye que decretar la tacha automática basados en un Oficio Circular
vulnera el debido procedimiento que se origina a través de un acto inscribible
proveniente de un parte judicial. Del mismo modo, se determina que el colegiado
incurre en un vicio de motivación por silencio al omitir pronunciamiento sobre las
reglas de contingencia vigentes, afectando los principios de predictibilidad y
confianza legítima del administrado.
Finalmente, se evalúa el impacto doctrinario del SIGM, concluyendo que un
modelo de avisos electrónicos sin calificación previa deviene en un sistema de
fe pública ciega incompatible con la seguridad jurídica cuando bloquea mandatos
judiciales, precarizando el derecho de crédito. Esta situación hizo que se opte en
una posterior rectificación del Tribunal Registral mediante el Pleno CCCI de
fecha 16 de junio de 2025, el cual prohibió formular tacha contra dichas órdenes
y dispuso respetar la prioridad del mandato judicial bajo reiteración.
This legal report analyzes the actions of the members who constituted the majority vote of the Registry Court in upholding the special challenge to a judicial attachment order, from a strictly constitutional, procedural, and registry-related perspective. Specifically, the report seeks to determine whether the operational exclusivity of the Movable Property Security Information System (SIGM) and SUNARP internal technical guidelines authorize registry authorities to automatically reject physical judicial orders of encumbrance. To this end, the report conducts a review of statutory regulations, the contingency guidelines for judicial access, the qualification rules of Plenary Session V, and the arguments in the resolution under review. In light of the foregoing, it is concluded that ordering automatic rejection based on a Circular Letter violates due process, which arises from a registrable act originating from a judicial party. Similarly, it is determined that the collegiate body committed a defect of reasoning by silence by failing to rule on the applicable contingency rules, thereby affecting the principles of predictability and legitimate expectations of the party subject to administrative action. Finally, the doctrinal impact of the SIGM is evaluated, concluding that a model of electronic notices without prior review results in a system of blind public faith that is incompatible with legal certainty when it blocks court orders, thereby undermining the right to credit. This situation warranted a subsequent institutional rectification through the CCCI Plenary Session dated June 16, 2025, which prohibited the filing of objections against such orders and mandated respect for the priority of the court order, as reiterated.
This legal report analyzes the actions of the members who constituted the majority vote of the Registry Court in upholding the special challenge to a judicial attachment order, from a strictly constitutional, procedural, and registry-related perspective. Specifically, the report seeks to determine whether the operational exclusivity of the Movable Property Security Information System (SIGM) and SUNARP internal technical guidelines authorize registry authorities to automatically reject physical judicial orders of encumbrance. To this end, the report conducts a review of statutory regulations, the contingency guidelines for judicial access, the qualification rules of Plenary Session V, and the arguments in the resolution under review. In light of the foregoing, it is concluded that ordering automatic rejection based on a Circular Letter violates due process, which arises from a registrable act originating from a judicial party. Similarly, it is determined that the collegiate body committed a defect of reasoning by silence by failing to rule on the applicable contingency rules, thereby affecting the principles of predictability and legitimate expectations of the party subject to administrative action. Finally, the doctrinal impact of the SIGM is evaluated, concluding that a model of electronic notices without prior review results in a system of blind public faith that is incompatible with legal certainty when it blocks court orders, thereby undermining the right to credit. This situation warranted a subsequent institutional rectification through the CCCI Plenary Session dated June 16, 2025, which prohibited the filing of objections against such orders and mandated respect for the priority of the court order, as reiterated.
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Palabras clave
Derecho registral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Prenda (Derecho), Propiedad mueble--Perú, Nulidad (Derecho)