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La distribución espacial del cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) dentro del Bosque de Protección San Matías-San Carlos y su Zona de Amortiguamiento: proyecciones para el periodo 2041 - 2060
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14)
La Amazonía peruana representa el 60.9% del territorio nacional (Infobosques,
2009). Es debido a su gran extensión y complicada accesibilidad por lo que en ella
se generan procesos complejos que se amplifican debido a una débil presencia
del Estado...
The Peruvian Amazon represents 60.9% of the national territory (Info Bosques, 2009). Due to its great extension and difficult accessibility complex processes are generated in it, which are amplified due to a weak presence of authorities and the inefficient management of natural resources. Protected Natural Areas objective is to safeguard nature and the ecosystem services it provides. However, in some of them, such as the Bosque de Protección San Matías-San Carlos, effective management is threatened by anthropic factors that cause disturbances in the ecosystems, which may be enhanced in the future in a climate change frame and, as a consequence, affect species of great value such as Cedrela odorata L. (cedar). However, the information gap is one of the main limitations for decision making, so it is necessary to stablish the current spatial distribution of cedar in the protected area, make future projections considering some climate change scenarios, and, in addition, determine the specific areas of greatest anthropic pressure, in order to generate effective actions based on science that contribute to improve management of the territory. For this, the Maxent 3.4.4 Species Distribution Modeling software was applied, in which 99 points of occurrence of cedro and 21 variables of environmental predictors were introduced, both for the present and for the period 2041 - 2060 under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios; likewise, the areas of greatest deforestation pressure were identified through a Kernel density map to prioritize areas where it is necessary to strengthen control. Finally, the analysis shows that there would be an alarming reduction of 81.5% and 91% in the area of greatest probability of distribution of cedro for future intermediate (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) climate change scenarios, respectively....
The Peruvian Amazon represents 60.9% of the national territory (Info Bosques, 2009). Due to its great extension and difficult accessibility complex processes are generated in it, which are amplified due to a weak presence of authorities and the inefficient management of natural resources. Protected Natural Areas objective is to safeguard nature and the ecosystem services it provides. However, in some of them, such as the Bosque de Protección San Matías-San Carlos, effective management is threatened by anthropic factors that cause disturbances in the ecosystems, which may be enhanced in the future in a climate change frame and, as a consequence, affect species of great value such as Cedrela odorata L. (cedar). However, the information gap is one of the main limitations for decision making, so it is necessary to stablish the current spatial distribution of cedar in the protected area, make future projections considering some climate change scenarios, and, in addition, determine the specific areas of greatest anthropic pressure, in order to generate effective actions based on science that contribute to improve management of the territory. For this, the Maxent 3.4.4 Species Distribution Modeling software was applied, in which 99 points of occurrence of cedro and 21 variables of environmental predictors were introduced, both for the present and for the period 2041 - 2060 under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios; likewise, the areas of greatest deforestation pressure were identified through a Kernel density map to prioritize areas where it is necessary to strengthen control. Finally, the analysis shows that there would be an alarming reduction of 81.5% and 91% in the area of greatest probability of distribution of cedro for future intermediate (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) climate change scenarios, respectively....
Bienestar subjetivo en la amazonía peruana : la estructura de sus necesidades
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013-06-11)
la Amazonía se han llevado a cabo diferentes investigaciones sobre necesidades y bienestar. Sin embargo, no se ha realizado un estudio que agrupe diversas localidades de esta región que presenten distintas características, tales como zonas urbanas y...
Subjective well-being in the Peruvian Amazonia: the structure of their needs There has been an increasing interest in subjective well-being as an alternative concept for economic development. For a better understanding of this construct, it has to be studied in different cultures and environments. The needs and subjective well-being of people from the Amazonia has been studied in recent years; however, there has not been one study that analyzes different sites from this region with different characteristics, such as urban and rural, which limits the possibility of finding regional patterns. This thesis work studies the subjective well-being in the Peruvian Amazonia using the emic post hoc methodology, in order to identify a needs structure that applies to different sites of this region. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data from six locations of the Peruvian Amazonia (N = 186), including urban and rural areas of both low and high forest. The results revealed a five needs factor structure: A good place to live, Work and equipped house, Urban goods and services, Basic needs and Raise a family. This structure shows a combination of universal, modern and traditional elements. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the Amazon population and can serve as input for the implementation of social policies that seek development in accordance with Amazon population´s conceptions. Keywords: Needs, Subjective well-being, Amazonia...
Subjective well-being in the Peruvian Amazonia: the structure of their needs There has been an increasing interest in subjective well-being as an alternative concept for economic development. For a better understanding of this construct, it has to be studied in different cultures and environments. The needs and subjective well-being of people from the Amazonia has been studied in recent years; however, there has not been one study that analyzes different sites from this region with different characteristics, such as urban and rural, which limits the possibility of finding regional patterns. This thesis work studies the subjective well-being in the Peruvian Amazonia using the emic post hoc methodology, in order to identify a needs structure that applies to different sites of this region. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data from six locations of the Peruvian Amazonia (N = 186), including urban and rural areas of both low and high forest. The results revealed a five needs factor structure: A good place to live, Work and equipped house, Urban goods and services, Basic needs and Raise a family. This structure shows a combination of universal, modern and traditional elements. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the Amazon population and can serve as input for the implementation of social policies that seek development in accordance with Amazon population´s conceptions. Keywords: Needs, Subjective well-being, Amazonia...
Coarticulación nasal en la lengua iskonawa (pano, Perú)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-01-27)
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo describir la coarticulación nasal de las vocales
adyacentes a una consonante nasal de la lengua iskonawa, una lengua pano en la
cual las vocales nasalizadas no tienen estatus fonológico. ...
Una aproximación a un caso de hibridación indígena: el flujo de consumo material cotidiano y el manejo de residuos sólidos en la comunidad awajún de Wawaim, Amazonas en tiempos contemporáneos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-11-04)
, este proceso
de hibridación inició con la llegada de exploradores europeos a la Amazonía y su posterior
colonización y economización por familias mestizas y compañías extranjeras. Dicha
hibridación ha devenido en una economía mixta conformada por...
Since 1970, Wawaim, an awajún community settled in Alto Marañón, has been strongly immersed in commercial dynamics typical of the actual economic modernity. The local economy of Wawaim families has been transformed notably because of external pressure, state programs of social assistance, and the accelerated metabolism of Chiriaco’s market system. These changes have had diverse effects on the behavior of Wawaim population, and on the adjacent environment. Nonetheless, these hybridization process actually began with the arrival of European explorers to the Amazon, and its later colonization and economization by mestiza Peruvian families and foreign companies. This hybridization has generated a mixed economy composed of traditional awajún practices, commercial and labor activities. The communal culture has mutated, it has absorbed modern values and elements, as well as different aspirations associated to usual occidental promises. The central purpose of the research is to understand the everyday consumption flows in the Wawaim community as an expression of this hybridization process, emphasizing the production and management of solid household waste. Based on ethnographic approach, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participant observation, it can be stated that Wawaim is in the process of a slow, prolonged and persistent cultural hybridization, conditioned by its geographical closeness to Chiriaco (principal agent of westernization), the obtention of money through social assistance programs, and the work of the school in the community. According to the modern lifestyle adopted actively and passively by Wawaim families, as well as to recent population growth, the production of waste has incremented in volume and heterogeneity, becoming a potential threat to the Wawaim community and to the supportive environment surrounding it, due to the environmental pollution and the sanitary risk this waste represents....
Since 1970, Wawaim, an awajún community settled in Alto Marañón, has been strongly immersed in commercial dynamics typical of the actual economic modernity. The local economy of Wawaim families has been transformed notably because of external pressure, state programs of social assistance, and the accelerated metabolism of Chiriaco’s market system. These changes have had diverse effects on the behavior of Wawaim population, and on the adjacent environment. Nonetheless, these hybridization process actually began with the arrival of European explorers to the Amazon, and its later colonization and economization by mestiza Peruvian families and foreign companies. This hybridization has generated a mixed economy composed of traditional awajún practices, commercial and labor activities. The communal culture has mutated, it has absorbed modern values and elements, as well as different aspirations associated to usual occidental promises. The central purpose of the research is to understand the everyday consumption flows in the Wawaim community as an expression of this hybridization process, emphasizing the production and management of solid household waste. Based on ethnographic approach, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participant observation, it can be stated that Wawaim is in the process of a slow, prolonged and persistent cultural hybridization, conditioned by its geographical closeness to Chiriaco (principal agent of westernization), the obtention of money through social assistance programs, and the work of the school in the community. According to the modern lifestyle adopted actively and passively by Wawaim families, as well as to recent population growth, the production of waste has incremented in volume and heterogeneity, becoming a potential threat to the Wawaim community and to the supportive environment surrounding it, due to the environmental pollution and the sanitary risk this waste represents....
Bosquejo fonológico de la lengua Jebero (shiwilu)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014-04-09)
asesoría en repetidas ocasiones, así como por los
materiales brindados que enriquecieron mi trabajo.
Quiero agradecer también a Roberto Zariquiey, quien asesoró esta tesis, y a través de
quien me dejé encantar por la Amazonía. Roberto me permitió...
reducción de los Xéberos y Cutinanas, la más numerosa que hoy tenga el Marañón [sic] (Maroni 1988: 107). Como la mayoría de comunidades indígenas de la Amazonía peruana, los jeberos fueron contactados por primera vez por misioneros de la Compañía de...
reducción de los Xéberos y Cutinanas, la más numerosa que hoy tenga el Marañón [sic] (Maroni 1988: 107). Como la mayoría de comunidades indígenas de la Amazonía peruana, los jeberos fueron contactados por primera vez por misioneros de la Compañía de...
Un río de nombres: La invención hidrográfica y cartográfica del Amazonas, 1498- 1640
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-11-04)
, Marañón,
Orellana y, eventualmente, Amazonas. Este estudio plantea que esta ambivalencia
fundacional de la Amazonía fue el resultado del uso de diferentes convenciones espaciales
para la definición cartográfica e hidrográfica de los ríos en un contexto de...
This thesis examines the configuration of the cartographic and hydrographic knowledge of the river that we now know as "Amazonas" between 1498 and 1640. During this foundational period the river embodied multiple identities and nomenclatures — Mar Dulce, Río Grande, Marañón, Orellana and, eventually, Amazonas. This study proposes that this foundational ambivalence of the Amazon was the result of the use of different spatial conventions for the cartographic and hydrographic definition of rivers in a context of imperial dispute between agents of Spain, Portugal, France, and England for the colonization of the South American tropics, which resulted in the impossibility of naming a single normative "Amazon" during the long 16th century. Therefore, this thesis maintains that cartography and hydrography functioned not only as instruments of knowledge and representation of nature, but also as tools to colonize the Amazonian interior of the New World....
This thesis examines the configuration of the cartographic and hydrographic knowledge of the river that we now know as "Amazonas" between 1498 and 1640. During this foundational period the river embodied multiple identities and nomenclatures — Mar Dulce, Río Grande, Marañón, Orellana and, eventually, Amazonas. This study proposes that this foundational ambivalence of the Amazon was the result of the use of different spatial conventions for the cartographic and hydrographic definition of rivers in a context of imperial dispute between agents of Spain, Portugal, France, and England for the colonization of the South American tropics, which resulted in the impossibility of naming a single normative "Amazon" during the long 16th century. Therefore, this thesis maintains that cartography and hydrography functioned not only as instruments of knowledge and representation of nature, but also as tools to colonize the Amazonian interior of the New World....
Clasificadores en shiwilu (jebero) : organización semántica y morfosintáctica
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012-03-27)
1.1. Información general sobre el pueblo shiwilu y su lengua
Los shiwilu, también llamados jebero,1 son un pueblo de la Amazonía peruana que
habita en la provincia de Alto Amazonas, departamento de Loreto. Según Valenzuela
(2010: 117) su número...
que representaba en su idioma historias extraídas de su tradición oral. Este grupo tuvo acogida entre los pobladores y tuvo la oportunidad de presentarse en diversos pueblos de la Amazonía peruana. Además, fundaron la FECONAJE (Federación de...
que representaba en su idioma historias extraídas de su tradición oral. Este grupo tuvo acogida entre los pobladores y tuvo la oportunidad de presentarse en diversos pueblos de la Amazonía peruana. Además, fundaron la FECONAJE (Federación de...
Patrones de entonación en construcciones de foco estrecho en el español amazónico de Iquitos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-04-21)
...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 La Amazonía como región................................................................................................... 1
1.3 La Amazonía Peruana...
.................................................................................................................................. 86 6 Índice de Mapas Mapa 1. LÍMITES DE LA AMAZONÍA (Mendes s/f: 18) .......................................................... 2 Mapa 2. AMAZONÍA PERUANA (MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE 2012) ............................. 5 Mapa 3. UBICACIÓN...
.................................................................................................................................. 86 6 Índice de Mapas Mapa 1. LÍMITES DE LA AMAZONÍA (Mendes s/f: 18) .......................................................... 2 Mapa 2. AMAZONÍA PERUANA (MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE 2012) ............................. 5 Mapa 3. UBICACIÓN...
Políticas públicas y dinámicas territoriales en una región tri-fronteriza: análisis de la ocupación y uso del suelo en Iñapari, Assis Brasil y Bolpebra
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019-05-28)
creación de extensas áreas naturales protegidas en los tres
países.
Palabras clave: ocupación; uso del territorio; Iñapari; Bolpebra; Assis Brasil; tri-frontera;
Amazonía; Perú; Brasil; Bolivia
2
ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO
Resumen 2
Índice de...
América del Sur, la región menos integrada a los diferentes centros nacionales fue la Amazonía, donde se presenció el pionerismo en su mayor dimensión, dado que los frentes pioneros acompañaron el proceso de delimitación de las fronteras sudamericanas y...
América del Sur, la región menos integrada a los diferentes centros nacionales fue la Amazonía, donde se presenció el pionerismo en su mayor dimensión, dado que los frentes pioneros acompañaron el proceso de delimitación de las fronteras sudamericanas y...
Biogeografía de la conservación en el neotrópico : estudio del ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) en el distrito de Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015-11-13)
que el ecoturismo, a través del monitoreo constante de la fauna silvestre, permite conocer y entender la biodiversidad la Amazonía. Se utilizó al ocelote como animal modelo ya que presenta un rol ecológico y turístico valioso. Sin embargo, también...
An ecological study of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) has not been done before in the district of Las Piedras, Peru. This investigation seeks to begin closing the gap on the scientific production of feline studies in this region and contribute to the local conservation status and population health of this important meso predator. Additionally, the ocelot being a popular specie amongst tourists, helps promote the ecolodge’s tourism. Ecotourism presents an excellent alternative to improve the development of the district of Las Piedras through a dual function: implementation of conservation strategies and the creation of employment for the local population. The study area is an 11,000 ha. conservation and ecotourism concession owned by the ecolodge Amazon Research and Conservation Center. Using a combination of satellite images and GIS software, we performed a multi-temporal analysis of deforestation in the study area from 2000 to 2013 and found that most of it is located in the southern area of Tambopata province and along the Interoceanic Highway. For the home range analysis we installed 73 cameras over a sampling period of 7 months (August 2012 - February 2013) divided into 9 rounds. In total 8 individual ocelots were identified from which only 3 (A1, A3 and A6) were recaptured on more than one occasion. Using a capture-recapture analysis along with the distances between recaptures we found the effective sampling area using the following methods: Mean Maximum Distance Moved (MMDM) and ½ MMDM (with 0.4 km and 0.2 km between recaptures, respectively). The models yielded a population density of 0.7 ocelots/km2 with MMDM, and 1.8 ocelotes/km2 with ½ MMDM. On the other hand, using the software PRESENCE we analized the camera traps capture probability. Through a constant model and a closed population analysis it was estimated that the detection for each round was 0.3 (SE 0.0567). Finally, using a combination of satellite imagery and GIS software, we analyzed the ocelot habitat and we found that these animals frequently use transects aimed for tourists, they prefer floodplains nearby banks of rivers and lakes, and that they avoid bamboo forests and swaps. We conclude that ecotourism, through constant monitoring of wildlife, can help understand and preserve biodiversity in the Amazon. We used the ocelot as a model because it has a valuable ecological and touristic role. However, there are many other animals that can be used as a symbol to promote ecotourism and promote conservation. Camera trap methodology used in this study may be part of a conservation model that can be replicable in other parts of the Amazon that have a similar geographic context. The ARCC ecolodge aims to present a monitoring model that can serve as a guide for other initiatives in Las Piedras and create an ecotourism corridor with other ecolodges settled along the river Las Piedras....
An ecological study of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) has not been done before in the district of Las Piedras, Peru. This investigation seeks to begin closing the gap on the scientific production of feline studies in this region and contribute to the local conservation status and population health of this important meso predator. Additionally, the ocelot being a popular specie amongst tourists, helps promote the ecolodge’s tourism. Ecotourism presents an excellent alternative to improve the development of the district of Las Piedras through a dual function: implementation of conservation strategies and the creation of employment for the local population. The study area is an 11,000 ha. conservation and ecotourism concession owned by the ecolodge Amazon Research and Conservation Center. Using a combination of satellite images and GIS software, we performed a multi-temporal analysis of deforestation in the study area from 2000 to 2013 and found that most of it is located in the southern area of Tambopata province and along the Interoceanic Highway. For the home range analysis we installed 73 cameras over a sampling period of 7 months (August 2012 - February 2013) divided into 9 rounds. In total 8 individual ocelots were identified from which only 3 (A1, A3 and A6) were recaptured on more than one occasion. Using a capture-recapture analysis along with the distances between recaptures we found the effective sampling area using the following methods: Mean Maximum Distance Moved (MMDM) and ½ MMDM (with 0.4 km and 0.2 km between recaptures, respectively). The models yielded a population density of 0.7 ocelots/km2 with MMDM, and 1.8 ocelotes/km2 with ½ MMDM. On the other hand, using the software PRESENCE we analized the camera traps capture probability. Through a constant model and a closed population analysis it was estimated that the detection for each round was 0.3 (SE 0.0567). Finally, using a combination of satellite imagery and GIS software, we analyzed the ocelot habitat and we found that these animals frequently use transects aimed for tourists, they prefer floodplains nearby banks of rivers and lakes, and that they avoid bamboo forests and swaps. We conclude that ecotourism, through constant monitoring of wildlife, can help understand and preserve biodiversity in the Amazon. We used the ocelot as a model because it has a valuable ecological and touristic role. However, there are many other animals that can be used as a symbol to promote ecotourism and promote conservation. Camera trap methodology used in this study may be part of a conservation model that can be replicable in other parts of the Amazon that have a similar geographic context. The ARCC ecolodge aims to present a monitoring model that can serve as a guide for other initiatives in Las Piedras and create an ecotourism corridor with other ecolodges settled along the river Las Piedras....